In 1960-1961, Chad (乍得) harvested 9800 tons of cotton seed for the first time in its history, and put out the flag a little too soon. The efforts of the authorities to get the peasants back to work, as they had slacked off (松懈) a great deal the previous year during independence celebrations, largely contributed to it. Also, rains were well spaced, and continued through the whole month of October. If the 1961-1962 total is back to the region of 45000 tons, it is mostly because efforts slackened again and sowing was started too late.
The average date of sowing is about July 1st. If this date is simply moved up fifteen or twenty days, 30000 to 60000 tons of cotton are gained, depending on the year. The peasant in Chad sows his millet (小米) first, and it is hard to criticize this instinctive priority given to his daily bread. An essential reason for his lateness with sowing cotton is that at the time when he should leave to prepare the fields he has just barely sold the cotton of the previous season. The work required to sow, in great heat, is psychologically far more difficult if one's pockets are full of money. The date of cotton sales should therefore be moved forward as much as possible, and purchases of equipment and draught animals encouraged.
Peasants should also be encouraged to save money, to help them through the difficult period between harvests. If necessary they should be forced to do so, by having the payments for cotton given to them in installments (分期付款). The last payment would be made after proof that the peasant has planted before the deadline, the date being advanced to the end of June. Those who have done so would receive extra money whereas the last planters would not receive their last payment until later.
Only the first steps are hard, because once work has started the peasants continue willingly on their way. Educational campaigns among the peasants will play an essential role in this basic advance, early sowing, on which all the others depend. It is not a matter of controlling the peasants. Each peasant will remain master of his fields. One could, however, suggest the need for the time being of kind but firm rule, which, as long as it cannot be realized by the people, should at least be for the people.
21. In 1960-1961, Chad had a good harvest of cotton because .
A) the government greatly encouraged peasants
B) rains favored the growth of cotton
C) Chad gained independence in the previous year
D) Both A)and B)
22. We learn from the passage that the date of sowing cotton is usually .
A) on June 15th
B) on July 15th
C) on July 1st
D) on July 20th
23. As used in the third sentence of the second paragraph,daily breadrefers to .
A) breakfast
B)bread and butter
C)rice
D)millet
24. In order to help them through the difficult time between harvests the peasants have to .
A) sell cotton in advance
B) be encouraged to save money
C) sow cotton in time
D) plant millet first
25. Which of the following is NOT true?
A) Educational campaigns are very important to early sowing.
B) Of all the advances that the writer hopes for, early sowing is the most important.
C) Peasants should remain the masters of their fields.
D) Government might as well make good and firm rule for peasants.
Passage 6
We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money. But most mistakes are about people. Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen? When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy my luck? And Paul-why didn't pick up that he was friendly just because I had a car? When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it's too late.
Why do we go wrong about our friends-or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don't really listen we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, You're a lucky dog. That's being friendly. But lucky dog? There's a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn't see it himself. But bringing in the dog bit puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that the doesn't think you deserve your luck.
Just think of all the things you have to be thankful foris another noise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he? Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn't important. It's telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven't got a date for Saturday night.
How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says agree with the tone of voice? His posture(姿态)? The look in his eyes? Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people to you may save another mistake.
26. This passage is mainly about .
A)how to interpret what people say
B)what to do when you listen to others talking
C)how to avoid mistakes when you communicate with people
D)Why we go wrong with people sometimes
27. According to the author, the reason why we go wrong about our friends is that .
A)We fail to listen carefully when they talk
B) People tend to be annoyed when we check what they say
C)People usually state one thing but means another
D)We tend to doubt what our friends say
28. In the sentence Maybe he doesn't see it himself. in the second paragraph, the pronoun it refers to.
A) being friendly
C) lucky dog
B) a bit of envy
D) your luck
29. When we listen to a person talking, the most important thing for us to do is .
A)notice the way the person is talking
B)take a good look at the person talking
C)mind his tone, his posture and the look in his eyes
D)examine the real meaning of what he says based on his manner, his tone and his posture
30. The author most probably is a .
A) teacher
C) philosopher
B) psychologist
D) doctor
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