Unit2 学习能力
Text 1正文
It doesn’t come as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you can’t remember it. You just waste your valuable time. Maybe you have already discovered some clever ways to keep yourself from forgetting.
One dependable aid that does help you remember what you study is to have a specific purpose or reason for reading. You remember better what you read when you know why you’re reading.
Why does a clerk in a store go away and leave you when your reply to her offer to help is, “No, thank you. I’m just looking”? Both you and she know that if you aren’t sure what you want, you are not likely to find it. But suppose you say instead, “Yes, thank you. I want a pair of sun glasses.” She says, “Right this way, please.” And you and she are off -- both eager to look for exactly what you want.
It’s quite the same with your studying. If you chose a book at random, “just looking” for nothing in particular, you are likely to get just that -- nothing. But if you do know what you want, and if you have the right book, you are almost sure to get it. Your reasons will vary; they will include reading or studying “to find out more about”, “to understand the reasons for”, “to find out how”. A good student has a clear purpose or reason for what he is doing.
This is the way it works. Before you start to study, you say to yourself something like this, “I want to know why Stephen Vincent Benet happened to write about America. I’m reading this article to find out.” Or, “I’m going to skim this story to see what life was like in medieval England.” Because you know why you are reading or studying, you relate the information to your purpose and remember it better.
Reading is not one single activity. At least two important processes go on at the same time. As you read, you take in ideas rapidly and accurately. But at the same time you express your own ideas to yourself as you react to what you read. You have a kind of mental conversation with the author. If you expressed your ideas orally, they might sound like this: “Yes, I agree. That’s my opinion too.” or “Ummmm, I thought that record was broken much earlier. I’d better check those dates,” or “But there are some other facts to be considered!” You don’t just sit there taking in ideas -- you do something else, and that something else is very important.
This additional process of thinking about what you read includes evaluating it, relating it to what you already know, and using it for your own purposes. In other words, a good reader is a critical reader. One part of critical reading, as you have discovered, is distinguishing between facts and opinions. Facts can be checked by evidence. Opinions are one’s own personal reactions.
Another part of critical reading is judging sources. Still another part is drawing accurate inferences.
Text 1习题
1. If you cannot remember what you read or study, ________.
[A] it is no surprise
[B] it means you have not really learned anything
[C] it means you have not chosen the right book
[D] you realize it is of no importance
2. Before you start reading, it is important ________.
[A] to make sure why you are reading
[B] to relate the information to your purpose
[C] to remember what you read
[D] to choose an interesting book
3. Reading activity involves ________.
[A] only two simultaneous processes
[B] primarily learning about ideas and evaluating them critically
[C] merely distinguishing between facts and opinions
[D] mainly drawing accurate inferences
4. A good reader is one who ________.
[A] relates what he reads to his own knowledge about the subject matter
[B] does lots of thinking in his reading
[C] takes a critical attitude in his reading
[D] is able to check the facts presented against what he has already known
Text 1全文翻译
如果你不能记住你所读或者所学的东西，那你读什么或学什么就无关紧要了，这一点毫不出奇。这样不过是浪费宝贵时间罢了。不过，或许你早已发现一些聪明的方法来避免遗忘。
一种帮助你记住所学内容的可靠方法就是有目的或有原因的阅读。如果你清楚你为何而阅读，那么你对所阅读的内容就会记得更牢靠些。
当你拒绝商店售货员的帮助(“不，谢谢，我只是看看”)时，为什么售货员就转身走开了呢?这是因为你和她都知道，如果你不确定自己要什么，你也不大可能会有所收获。然而，假设你的回答是“是的，谢谢，我想买一副太阳镜。”她会回答，“好的，请这边走。”然后你和她就向“目的地”走去——都迫切地去寻找你想要的东西。
这与你的学习过程非常相似。如果你随机选择了一本书，“只是看看”而不是寻找具体东西，那么你所得到的很可能是——一无所获。但是，如果你知道你想要什么，而你手头又有正确的书，那么你几乎肯定会获得你所想要的东西。你的缘由可能大不相同：阅读或学习是为了“找出更多信息”、“为了理解原因”和“为了找出方法”。一个好学生对于他所做的事情总有一个明确的目的或原因。
这就是奏效的方法。在开始学习之前，你这样告诉自己，“我想知道斯蒂芬•文森特•贝尼特为什么这样描写美国。我读这篇文章就是要找出原因。”或者“我要通读这篇文章，看看中世纪英格兰的生活到底是什么样子的。”由于你知道阅读或学习的原因，你就可以将这些信息与你的目的紧密联系，并更好地记住它。
阅读并不是一项独立的行为，期间至少两个重要过程同时发生。在阅读时，你能够迅速而又准确地理解内容，同时在对所读内容予以反应时也在表述自己的思想。你与作者进行一种精神对话。如果你口头表述你的想法的话，它们很可能是“是的，我同意，我的想法也是这样。”或是“嗯……，我以为这项纪录早就被打破了。我最好还是再查查日期。”或是“但是还要考虑一些其他的事实!”你并不只是坐在那里理解内容——你还在做其他的事情，而这些事情往往非常重要。
对所阅读的内容进行思考的附加过程包括评估这些内容、将其与已知信息相联系，并根据自身目的来进行应用。换句话说，一位好读者也是一位批判性的读者。正如你所发现的，批判性阅读的一部分就是区分事实与观点。事实可以通过证据来确认，而观点只是个人反应。
批判性阅读的还包括评判来源和进行准确推理。
Text 1 重点句
It doesn’t come as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you can’t remember it. You just waste your valuable time. Maybe you have already discovered some clever ways to keep yourself from forgetting.
该句意义：
该句的语法结构令人发指，而其讲解的有关与学习的道理其却可以在有关于学习和成长的写作内容中使用。即，一个人如果不知道自己在学什么，那么所学的是什么也便没有区别。只是浪费时间而已。这种道理用于考研写作无敌……
该句语法：
(1)形式主语“it”：It doesn’t come as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you can’t remember it.
该句中真正的主语为： to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you can’t remember it.
该句应为：[ to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you can’t remember it] doesn’t come as a surprise
(2)形式主语“it”：it makes no difference what you read or study if you can’t remember it
该句中真正的主语为：what you read or study if you can’t remember it
该句应为：[ what you read or study if you can’t remember it] makes no difference
(3)条件状语从句：if you can’t remember it
(4)“maybe”的使用：maybe为副词，在句中做状语修饰谓语“have discovered”。
Text 1习题答案
答案:BABC
1. If you cannot remember what you read or study, ________.
1. 如果你不能记住所阅读或学习的内容，________。
[A] it is no surprise
[A] 这毫不出奇
[B] it means you have not really learned anything
[B] 这意味着你没有真正学到任何东西
[C] it means you have not chosen the right book
[C] 这意味着你没有选对阅读的书籍
[D] you realize it is of no importance
[D] 你意识到这无所谓
2. Before you start reading, it is important ________.
2. 在你开始阅读之前，有必要________。
[A] to make sure why you are reading
[A] 确定你阅读的原因
[B] to relate the information to your purpose
[B] 将信息与目的联系起来
[C] to remember what you read
[C] 记住你所读的内容
[D] to choose an interesting book
[D] 选择有趣的读物
3. Reading activity involves ________.
3. 阅读行为包括________。
[A] only two simultaneous processes
[A] 仅仅两个同时发生的过程
[B] primarily learning about ideas and evaluating them critically
[B] 主要是理解内容和批判性地评估内容
[C] merely distinguishing between facts and opinions
[C] 仅仅区分事实与观点
[D] mainly drawing accurate inferences
[D] 主要进行准确推理
4. A good reader is one who ________.
4. 一位好读者是________。
[A] relates what he reads to his own knowledge about the subject matter
[A] 将其所读的内容与其了解的主题相关知识联系起来
[B] does lots of thinking in his reading
[B] 在阅读过程中进行大量思考
[C] takes a critical attitude in his reading
[C] 对阅读采取批判性的态度
[D] is able to check the facts presented against what he has already known
[D] 能够将所读到的事实与已知事实核对
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