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高考频考点21. 阅读理解
〈14〉
Five years ago, David Smith wore an expensive suit to work every day. ―I was a clothes addict,‖ he jokes. ―I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled.‖ Today David wears casual clothes-khaki pants and sports shirt-to the office. He hardly ever wears a necktie. ―I‘m working harder than ever,‖ David says, ―and I need to feel comfortable.‖
More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work in the United States. The change from formal to casual office wear has been gradual. In the early 1990s, many companies allowed their employees to wear casual clothes on Friday (but only on Friday). This became known as ―dress-down Friday‖ or ―casual Friday‖. ―What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing.‖ said business consultant Maisly Jones. Why have so many companies started allowing their employees to wear casual clothes? One reason is that it‘s easier for a company to attract new employees if it has a casual dress code. ―A lot of young people don‘t want to dress up for work,‖ says the owner of a software company, ―so it‘s hard to hire people if you have a
conservative dress code.‖ Another reason is that people seem happier and more productive when they are wearing comfortable clothes. In a study conducted by Levi Strauss and Company, 85 percent of employers said that they believe that casual dress improves employee morale. Only 4 percent of employers said that casual dress has a negative impact on productivity. Supporters of casual office wear also argue that a casual dress code helps them save money. ―Suits are expensive, if you have to wear one every day,‖ one person said. ―For the same amount of money, you can buy a lot more casual clothes.‖
72. David Smith refers to himself as having been “a clothes addict” because _______.【广东省2010届九校三次联考】【逻辑推理】
A. he often wore khaki pants and a sports shirt
B. he wanted his clothes to look neat all the time
C. he couldn‘t stand a clean appearance
D. he didn‘t want to spend much money on clothes
73. The reason why David Smith wears casual clothes now is that _______.【广东省2010届九校三次联考】【逻辑推理】
A. they make him feel at ease when working
B. he cannot afford to buy expensive clothes
C. he looks handsome in casual clothes
D. he no longer works for any company
74. According to this passage, which of the following statements is true? 【广东省2010届九校三次联考】【细节判断】
A. Company workers started to dress down about twenty years ago.
B. ―Dress-down Friday‖ was first given as a favor from employers.
C. Dress-down has become an everyday phenomenon since the early 1990s.
D. Many workers want to wear casual clothes to impress people.
75. In this passage, the following advantages of casual office wear are mentioned in the passage except ___.【广东省2010届九校三次联考】【逻辑推理】
A. saving employees‘ money B. making employees more attractive
C. improving employees‘ motivation D. making employees happier
72【答案】B
【解析】语义理解题。大卫自嘲以前是服装爱好者，衣服一起皱，他就得换上备穿的服装。
73【答案】A
【解析】语义理解题。从第 1 段最后一句话 “I’m working harder than ever,” David says, “and I need to feel comfortable.” 可找到答案。
74【答案】B
【解析】细节判断题。从第 2 段最后 1 句 “What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing.” 可以做出正确判断。
75【答案】B
【解析】推断题。通读最后一段可知选项A(为雇员省钱)、C(提高雇员的工作热情)、D(使雇主高兴)在原文中均被提到，只有B未被提到。
〈15〉
Advertising can be a service to the customer. This is true when advertisements give reliable information about the goods advertised. Such information is needed if the customer is to make a sensible choice when he buys. It is useful in that it lets him know of the kinds of goods in the shops. Printed advertisements do this job best. Customers can collect them and compare them. They can be taken along to shops and their claims can be checked against the actual goods in the shops.
However, some advertisements are not very useful to the customer. Instead of helping him to sat?isfy his real needs, they set out to make him want things. They set out to create a need. These adver?tisements are cleverly done. The people who produce them understand our weaknesses. They set out to make us believe that what they advertise will make us cleverer, prettier and more handsome, if only we use it. Actually, it is our money they are after and we should be on guard. Some advertisements mislead customers by using part of the truth to suggest something false, and it is skillfully made to give that idea to the careless reader, listener or viewer.
At its best advertising can be useful to the customer. At its worst it can mislead him. Many newspapers check on the goods for which the advertisements made claims. Most newspapers are very careful about the small advertisements, which try to sell goods directly to the readers by post. Many newspapers print information about this on their small advertisement pages. Advertising has become a very big business, and good firms in it do all they can to make sure it is conducted with some attention to truth. This is a help to the customer. But the best way is for customers to be on the lookout.
56. It can be inferred from the passage that advertisements can be useful if they ________.【江西省上高二中、新钢中学2010届期末联考】【逻辑推理】
A. how a long list of the goods advertised
B. give true information about goods
C. tell customers what to buy
D. appear on TV and in newspapers at the same time
67. Advertisements that play on our weaknesses make us ________.【江西省上高二中、新钢中学2010届期末联考】【细节推断】
A. desire things we do not need B. purchase the goods we need
C. attracted by them D. become loyal reader, listener or viewer
68. According to the text, which of the following is TRUE? 【江西省上高二中、新钢中学2010届期末联考】【归纳概括】
A. All advertising firms do not care to tell the truth about the goods they advertise.
B. All advertising firms only care to make money, as advertising is a big business.
C. Most advertising firms make sure that advertisements do not purposely cheat.
D. The advertised goods are often of poor quality.
69. The underlined word "They" refers to ________.【江西省上高二中、新钢中学2010届期末联考】【猜测词义】
A. Goods B. Customers C. Shops D. Advertisements
(B)本文讲的是能给消费者提供广告物品的可信赖的信息的广告是有用的。 56【答案】B
【解析】推断题。由文章第一句推出。
57【答案】A
【解析】细节题。由第二段第一、二句可知。
58【答案】C
【解析】结论题。从第三、四段可知。 http://wx.jtyjy.com/
59【答案】D
【解析】指代题。由含They那个句子和前一句可知they指advertisements。
〈16〉
As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through life, being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body. Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. In fact, it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.
The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress, and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities, others lose heart at the first sign of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between "flight or fight" and in more primitive days the choices made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however little the stress, it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued exposure to stress, that health becomes endangered. Since we can't remove stress from our lives (it would be unwise to do so even if we could), we need to find ways to deal with it.
60.People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because _____.
【湖北省2010届第五次综合测试】【细节推理】
A.they regard working as their greatest enjoyment B.they believe that work is superior to relaxation C.they are traveling fast all the time D.they are becoming busier with their work than ever before
61.According to the author, the most important character for a good manager is his _____.【湖北省2010届第五次综合测试】【细节推理】
A.strong will to hold out stress B.knowing the art of relaxation C.high sense of responsibility D.having control over performance
62.Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the passage? 【湖北省2010届第五次综合测试】【细节判断】
A.We can find quite a few ways to avoid stress.
B.Stress is always harmful to people's health C.It's easy to change the habit of keeping oneself busy with work. D.Different people can bear different amount of stress.
63.In the last sentence of the passage, "do so" refers to _____.【湖北省2010届第五次综合测试】【猜测词义】
A."expose ourselves to stress" B."find ways to deal with stress" C."remove stress from our lives" D."establish links between diseases and stress"
60【答案】D
【解析】【解析】推断题。由第一段可推知，无法放松自己主要是比以前任何时候都要忙碌。
61【答案】A
【解析】【解析】推断题。由第三段第二句可推知，当好管理者的优良品质是要具有坚强的抵制压力的意志。句中prime material意为“一流的素质”。
62【答案】D
【解析】【解析】细节题。由第三段第一句可The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual.可知。
63【答案】C
【解析】【解析】猜义题。由Since we can't remove stress from our lives…可知括号里的内容是对前文的解释。
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