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高考单项填空题所考察的语言知识点多，覆盖面广，且突出语境化因素，旨在考查考生记忆、理解、掌握中学阶段所学基础语法、基本词汇以及习语的熟练程度和灵活运用语言的能力。考生除了必须具备扎实的基础外，还要有科学的解题方法。
句子结构还原法
英语中的许多句子会以各种结构出现，如倒装句，强调句等。试题还常以变化句型的方式来增加语境和句子结构的复杂性。因此考生平时就留意它们的特征，透过复杂的语言环境，结合语法分析看透题目的意图。正确的方法有：
1)将疑问句、感叹句还原为陈述句
(1) What great difficulty we had_____ her!
A. persuade B. to persuade C. persuading D. persuaded
分析：C。易选D。此句考查感叹句式。可先将此句还原为陈述句式：We had great difficulty______ her.由have difficulty(in) doing sth.知C项符合条件。
(2) Is this the reason _______ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?(2002上海春招)
A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained
分析：A。易选D，考生依据常见搭配the reason why;处理此题首先应该将句子还原为正常语序，即：this is the reason_____ at the meeting ...。he explained前省略了一个that，that引导的是一个定语从句。
(3) Who would you rather have________the report instead of you?
A. to write B. write C. writing D. written
2)将倒装句、强调句还原为正常语序
(3) Mary thought that it was______ that Jane did her to lend her the beautiful car.
A. possible B. kind C. necessary D. a favor
分析：D。句中的宾语从句是一个强调句式。将其转换为非强调句式: Mary thought that Jane did her______ to lend her the beautiful car. do sb a favor是习惯搭配,意为“帮某人一个忙”,由此可以确定D为正确答案?
(4)______ you eat the correct foods ______ be able to keep fit and stay healthy. (2008江苏卷)
A. only if; will you B. Only if; you will C. Unless; will you D. Unless; you will
分析：A。本题考查倒装句式。先将其转换为正常语序：You will be able to keep fit
and stay healthy only if you eat the correct foods.由于是对主句进行倒装，所以选A。
3)将省略句还原为完整句
省略句可用于简单句及复合句，它的使用虽然能使句子更加简洁，但有时使人理解困难。在近年来的高考题中已多次出现省略句的考点。条件状语从句、时间状语从句等常用省略形式。解题时应根据语境逻辑需要将被省略的内容补齐，从而达到正确理解的目的。
(1)—Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?
—Yes, since she ______ the Chinese Society. (全国I卷)
A. has joined B. joins C. had joined D. joined
分析：D。该题考查since时间状语从句中的动词时态。将第二句补充完整为：Yes, I have known since she _____ the Chinese Society.主句为现在完成时，since的从句常用一般过去时。
(2) One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and __________.(2000春季招生)
A. the other is white B. another white C. the other white D. another is white
分析：C。易选A或D两项。C项补充完整应是the other should be painted white。A项中少了painted，B及D项中不能用another，因为木板只有两面，两面中的另一面只能用the other。
(3) When first _______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (2004全国Ⅱ卷)
A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced
分析：B。将从句补充完整应为：When they were first introduced to the market。D项为进行时的被动语态，表示正在进行，与题意不符。
(4)---What should I do with this passage?
----_________the main idea of each paragraph.
A. Find out B. Finding out C. To find out D. Having find out
(5)-----What made her so sad?
-----_____________.
A. She lost her money B. Losing her money C. She had lost her money D. Because she lost her money
(6)Many volunteers are taking part in the construction of the library, which, when _________,will open to the public.
A. to be finished B. finished C. finishing D. having been finished
4)将冗长题干还原为简单题干
命题者往往有意设置一些无效附加信息，使题干复杂化。在解决这类题时，不妨将这些无效附加信息大胆合理地舍去，这样有利于抓住试题主干，为准确求解扫除障碍。
(1)The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ______ I thought was a dangerous speed. (2004上海春招)
A. as B. which C. what D. that
分析：C。该题考查名词性从句连接词的选用。插入语I thought可以舍去不看，at后面的宾语从句中缺少主语，因而填what。What在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或表语;D项that在名词性从句总补充当任何成分。
(2)The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year. (2000全国卷)
A. carry out B. carrying out C. to carry out D. carried out
分析：D。先将此句改变为两个简单句: The managers discussed the plan. 和They would like to see the plan_______ the next year. 这样我们就发现空白处应该用过去分词作宾语补足语,表示被动意义,从而可以判断出C项为正确答案?
(3) The farm as well as its neighbouring hills we once spent so much time _______on a new look as rencently as last year.
A. on has taken B. has taken C. on having taken D. having taken
(4)It‘s dangerous to let children who are ________go swimming in the river.
A. too young to B. so young C. not old enough to D. so old
(5)The old man insisted that the book Mr. Thompson talked about_______.
A. was worth reading B. was worth to be read C. being worth reading D. be worth reading
(6)Is _____48 hours _____that man-made satellite_______is made in our country to orbit the planet around?
A. it; that; where B. it; when ; that C. it for; that it takes; that D. it ; that it takes; which
5) 将被动式题干还原为主动式题干
The teacher said time should be made good use of _______ our lessons well.
A. learning B. learn C. to learn D. being learned
分析：C。考生易选A，受介词后接动名词短语形式影响。题干可以还原为：The teacher said we should make good use of time _______ our lessons well.很明显空白处所填应表示目的。
2013高考英语试题分类小结篇：动词的时态和语态
相关链接：
2013江苏英语试题及答案解析
2013新疆英语试题及答案解析
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