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五种基本句型中的动词使用
简单句的五种基本句型,通常与及物动词、不及物动词和系动词密不可分。
1.主语+不及物动词
理解不及物动词在此句型中的常用法:
(1)一般表达型。此类不及物动词常可与表示距离、持续时间、重量、价值等的副词修饰语连用。如:Boy, can you go any farther? Boy, can you go any farther? 伙计,你还走得动吗?
The smoke from our fire rose straight up in the still air.
我们生的火冒出的烟在无风的空气中袅袅上升。
(2)主动形式表示被动含义型。此类常见的动词或短语有:read, sell wash, write, open, draw, wear, happen, take place, break out ,last ,go out ,run out ,cost, spread等。如:
The tickets to the play sold well。那台戏的戏票很畅销。
The accident happened outside my house.这个事故发生在我家房子的外面。
[典例1]Food and drink are _____,but the men are still cheerful and confident.
A. running out B. going out C. spreading D. happening
解析 A 不及物动词的考查。动词run out表示“被用完”; go out 表示“出去,熄灭”;spread表示“传播”;happen表示“发生”。根据句意:食物和饮料快用光了,但这些人仍旧很愉快和自信。
2.主语+及物动词+宾语
理解及物动词在此句型中带宾语的用法:
(1)及物动词+名词或代词作宾语。如:
He raised his arms above his head.他把手臂举过头顶。
Will you be spending your holiday abroad this year?你今年准备到国外去度假吗?
(2)及物动词+动名词作宾语。此类及物动词或动词短语有:avoid, mind, miss, suggest, finish, practice, imagine, enjoy, delay, escape, feel like, put off ,insist on ,give up, can‟t help, stick to等。如:
I suggested taking a walk.我建议去散步。
You must not give up studying.你不该放弃学习。
(3)及物动词+不定式作宾语。此类及物动词有:afford, agree, ask, expect, hope, want, wish, manage, pretend, decide, determine, learn,
offer, plan, refuse等。如:
I hope to go to college.我希望上大学。
The firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.公司无法支付如此巨额的工资。
(4)既可接动名词又可接动词不定式的动词(见非谓语动词专题之热点)。
3.主语+系动词+表格
系动词在此句型中的用法:be, become, come, get, smell, taste, feel, sound, remain, stay, appear, go, turn, fall, run, keep等。
(1)系动词+形容词作表语。如:
That argument sounds reasonable,那个观点听起来有道理。
(2)系动词+名词作表语。如:
Later he became an acrobat.他后来成为一名杂技演员。
(3)系动词+副词、介词短语或反身代词作表语。如:
He is near,他在附近。
[典例2]The cooking chicken in the pot ______very good.
A. smells B. feels C. sounds D. tastes
解析 A 系动词考查题。根据The cooking chicken正在煮的的鸡肉,推断出“闻起来很香”,故用smell。其它feel感觉起来;sound听起来;taste尝起来,均不合题意。
4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
(1)用to变换间接宾语的动词:bring, give, hand, offer, show, teach, throw, pass, pay, send, sell, return, tell, allow, lend等。如:
Could you bring me the book? Could you bring the book to me ?请把那本书带给我好吗?
(2)for变换间接宾语动词make,buy,choose,cook,find,get,order,paint,sing, spare,fetch等。 He bought me a bottle of ink.或He bought a bottle of ink for me .他为我买了一瓶墨水。
(3)用for和to或其它介词变换间接宾语的动词:do, leave, play等。如:
Will you do me a favor?或 Will you do a favor for me ?你能帮我忙吗?
[典例3] Smoking will______harm to you .Please get rid of it.
A. do B. give C. make D. find
解析 A 接双宾语的动词考查题。此句的harm为直接宾语,to you为间接宾语。句意为:吸烟对你有害,请戒掉烟吧。从搭配而言,常说do sb.harm 或do harm to sb。故选A。
5.主语+及物动语+宾语+宾补
(1)接名词作宾补的动词:find, think, elect, name, call, appoint, consider, make, leave等。 They usually call the baby Dick,他们经常把婴儿的名字称为迪克。
(2)接形容词作宾补的动词:keep, get, lay, drink, push, paint, set, turn, drive, let, call, cut, break, open, hold等。如:
She will make him happy.她将使他幸福。
Please cut the stick short.请把这根棍子砍短点。
(3)接副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等作宾补的及物动词:leave, put ,see, notice, watch, observe等。
He left me waiting in the rain.他让我在雨中等。
[典例4] I found _____impossible ______him _____his mind.
A. this, to make; change B. it; to make; to change
C. this; to make; to change D. it; to make; change
解析D 及物动词及宾语补足语考查题。根据句子结构分析法可以判断:第一空为形式宾语it,第二空为真正的动词不定式作宾语,第三空为使役动词make后省去to的宾补change。故选D
2013高考英语试题分类小结篇:动词的时态和语态
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2013辽宁英语试题及答案解析
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