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Theories of thevalue of art are of two kinds, which we may call extrinsic and intrinsic. Thefirst regards art and the appreciation of art as means to some recognized moralgood, while the second regards them as valuable not instrumentally but asobjects unto themselves. It is characteristic of extrinsic theories to locatethe value of art in its effects on the person who appreciates it. Art is heldto be a form of education, perhaps an education of the emotions. In this case,it becomes an open question whether there might not be some more effectivemeans to the same result. (46) Alternatively, one may attribute anegative value to art, as Plato did in his Republic, arguing that art has acorrupting or diseducative effect on those exposed to it.
The extrinsic approach, adopted in modern times by Leo Tolstoy in What Is Artin 1896, has seldom seemed wholly satisfactory. (47)Philosophers haveconstantly sought for a value in aesthetic experience that is unique to it andthat, therefore, could not be obtained from any other source. Theextreme version of this intrinsic approach is that associated with WalterPater, Oscar Wilde, and the French Symbolists, and summarized in the slogan “art for art’s sake”. Suchthinkers and writers believe that art is not only an end in itself but also asufficient justification of itself. (48)They also hold that in order tounderstand art as it should be understood, it is necessary to put aside allinterests other than an interest in the work itself.
Between those two extreme views there lies, once again, a host ofintermediate positions. (49)We believe, for example, that works of artmust be appreciated for their own sake, but that, in the act of appreciation,we gain from them something that is of independent value.(50)Thus a jokeis laughed at for its own sake, even though there is an independent value inlaughter, which lightens our lives by taking us momentarily outside ourselves. Why should not something similar be said of works of art, many ofwhich aspire to be amusing in just the way that good jokes are?
答案
46.或者，人们可能会认为艺术具有负面的影响，像柏拉图在《理想国》一书中所认为的那样，艺术会影响那些接触它的人，使其堕落，或起不到教化作用。
47.哲学家们一直在不懈地探索审美体验中的价值。这种价值是独一无二的，因此不能从别处获得。
48.他们还相信，为了以理解艺术的方式去理解艺术，必须放弃对其他方面的关注而只关注艺术作品本身。
49.比如，我们认为艺术作品必须作为艺术品被人们欣赏，但是我们在欣赏艺术作品时也能从中获得一些具有独立价值的东西。
50.因此，笑话是因为其本身而可笑，尽管笑声中有一种独立的价值，这一价值通过使我们在片刻中脱离自己而燃亮了我们的生命。
总体分析
本文是一篇关于艺术的价值的文章。其中主要论述的是唯美主义的“为艺术而艺术”的观点。
第一段：提出了艺术价值的两种理论，即内在理论和外在理论。对这两种理论做了具体阐释，并引出了对艺术效果的疑问。
第二段：指出列夫·托尔斯泰的外在理论不能令人满意，哲学家们一直关注探索的是艺术自身的价值体验。在该段中，作者引用了奥斯卡·瓦尔德以及法国象征主义的观点。
第三段：在两种极端的观点之间，有一种居中的观点，即艺术作品必须作为他们本身而被体验，但是在体验的过程中，我们又确实得到了一些东西。该段作者用了例证法，以“玩笑”的价值为例来证明自己的观点。
文章学术性较强，属于正式文体，因此长句、复合句颇多，其中引入了一些学术界人士的观点，所以有很大难度。通过该文章的阅读，考生应懂得拓宽知识面的重要性。
文章考查的知识点主要有：(一)被动语态。(二)状语，包括现在分词做状语、方式状语从句、目的状语从句和让步状语从句。(三)定语从句。(四)it做形式主语。
试题精解
46.[精解] 本题考核知识点：现在分词做状语、as引导的方式状语从句、定语从句的翻译。
该句的主干成分是one may attribute a negative value to art，主语是泛指代词one，可译为“人们”。As引导的从句做方式状语，可译为“如同……，像……”。Arguing部分是现在分词做伴随状语，可以把它译成与主句并列的结构。句中的those 指代的是人，紧跟其后的exposed做后置定语修饰those，翻译时，按照汉语习惯，应该将定语提前。
词汇：Alternatively表示二者择一，可以译成“或者，要不”。Attribute ..to“认为……属于”，在这里可以转译为“认为……具有”。Diseducative是educative的反义词，dis-是否定前缀，因此可以译为“起不到教化作用的”。Exposed本意是“暴露的”，在这里引申译成“接触”。
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