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2017考研英语阅读理解练习题及答案(四)
European Union environmental officials have determined that two kinds ofgenetically modified corn could harm butterflies, affect food chains anddisturb life in rivers and streams, and they have proposed a ban on the sale ofthe seeds, which are made by DuPont Pioneer, Dow Agrosciences and Syngenta. Thepreliminary decisions are circulating within the European Commission, which hasthe final say. Some officials there are skeptical of a ban that would upset thepowerful biotechnology industry and could exacerbate tensions with importanttrading partners like the United States. The seeds are not available on theEuropean market for cultivation.
In thedecisions, the environment commissioner, Stavros Dimas, contends that thegenetically modified corn, or maize could affect certain butterfly species,specifically the monarch, and other beneficial insects. For instance, researchthis year indicates that larvae of the monarch butterfly exposed to thegenetically modified corn ’’behave differently than other larvae.’’ In the decision concerning thecorn seeds produced by Dow and Pioneer, Mr. Dimas calls ’’potential damage on theenvironment irreversible.’’ In the decision on Syngenta’s corn, he says that ’’the level of risk generated by thecultivation of this product for the environment is unacceptable.’’
A decision bythe European Union to bar cultivation of the genetically modified crops wouldbe the first of its kind in the trade bloc, and would intensify the continuingbattle over genetically modified corn. Banning the applications for corn cropsalso would mark a bold new step for European environmental authorities, who arealready aggressively pursuing regulations on emissions from cars and aircraft,setting it at odds with the United States and angering industries.
Theseproducts have been grown in the U.S. and other countries for years,’’ said Stephen Norton, a spokesmanfor the United States trade representative. ’’We are not aware of any other casewhen a product has been rejected after having been reviewed and determined safe’’ by European food safetyauthorities, he said.
BarbaraHelfferich, a spokeswoman for Mr. Dimas, declined to comment on the specificsof the procedure because commissioners had not yet made a final decision. Butshe said that the European Union was within its rights to make decisions basedon the ’’precautionary principle’’ even when scientists had found no definitive evidence proving productscan cause harm. She said that the decisions by Mr. Dimas could go before thecommission within a few weeks, but she said that no date had been set. In thedecisions, Mr. Dimas cited recent research showing that consumption ofgenetically modified ’’corn byproducts reduced growth and increased mortality of nontargetstream insects’’ and that these insects ’’are important prey for aquatic and riparian predators’’ and that this could have ’’unexpected ecosystem-scaleconsequences.’’
Althoughstill preliminary, his decisions could drastically tilt the policy againstfuture approvals of genetically modified crops, said Nathalie Moll, aspokeswoman for Europabio, an industry group with 80 members includingSyngenta, Pioneer and Dow. Europabio says that the crops grown using thegenetically modified corn are already imported into several European countries,including France and Germany, where they are used to feed animals like cows andchickens.
RobGianfranceschi, spokesman at the United States mission to the European Union inBrussels, said it was too early to comment on a decision that had not yet beenformalized. But he made clear that the United States remained frustrated withEuropean policies on genetically modified crops.
1. Thepreliminary decisions are made by_____.
[A] DuPontPioneer, Dow Agrosciences and Syngenta
[B] EuropeanUnion environmental officials
[C] EuropeanCommision
[D] StarvrosDimas
2. To thedecisions, the European Commission officials’ attitudes are _____.
[A] skeptical
[B]controversial
[C]contradictory
[D] divergent
3. About thedecisions, which one of the following statements is TRUE?
[A] Thedecisions aims to put a ban the sale of the seeds of genetically modified corndue to political and biological concerns.
[B] Thedecisions are warmly embraced by all EU members but bitterly rejected by theirtrade partners.
[C] Thedecisions could probably be made even if no definitive evidence proving theproducts harmful is found.
[D] there ishigh possibility that the decisions would be approved by the EuropeanCommission.
4. Mr. Dimascited many researches on the genetically modified corn in his decision in orderto_____.
[A] dispelsome officials’ doubt on his decisions
[B] enhancethe strength of his decision-making
[C]demonstrate the latest achievement of his decision
[D] assurethat they can be presented before the commission with solid evidence
5. The word"tilt" (Line 1, Paragraph 6) most probably means_____.
[A] incline
[B] affect
[C] induce
[D] evoke
文章剖析：
这篇文章介绍了联合国环境官员就转基因食品提出的决议的一些情况。第一段介绍该决议目前在欧洲委员会中流传;第二段是环境专员具体在其决议中的观点;第三段讲述如果该决议落实将会是首例;第四段是美国贸易代表发言人的观点;第五段讲述Dimas先生决议的一些情况;第六段、第七段是其他人和机构的一些观点。
词汇注释：
geneticallyadv. 基因地
exacerbate v.恶化，使加剧
monarch n. 黑脉金斑蝶
larvae n. 幼虫
aquatic adj. 水生的
riparian adj.河边的，水滨的
predator n. 掠夺者，捕食其他动物的的动物
难句突破：
(1) European Union environmental officials have determined that two kinds ofgenetically modified corn could harm butterflies, affect food chains anddisturb life in rivers and streams, and they have proposed a ban on the sale ofthe seeds, which are made by DuPont Pioneer, Dow Agrosciences and Syngenta.
[主体句式] EU environmental officials havedetermined that...and they have proposed...
[结构分析] 该句是一个并列结构的复杂句。前一个分句带有宾语从句，宾语从句的谓语是三个并列结构的动词;后一个分句中，which 引导的非限定性定语从句是用来修饰the seeds的。
(2) In thedecisions, Mr. Dimas cited recent research showing that consumption ofgenetically modified ’’corn byproducts reduced growth and increased mortality of nontargetstream insects’’ and that these insects ’’are important prey for aquatic and riparian predators’’ and that this could have ’’unexpected ecosystem-scaleconsequences.’’
[主体句式] Mr. Dimas cited recentresearch...
[句子结构] 该句是一个简单句，宾语research后面的现代分词是它的定语，该现代分词结构看似复杂，其实是三个并列的that 引导的从句构成的。
[句子译文] 在这些决定中，Dimas引用了最近的一些研究，这些研究表明转基因"谷物副产品"消费"抑制生长，增加nontarget昆虫死亡率"，而且这些昆虫"是水生动物重要的食物"，因此这可能有"未预料到的生态系统规模的后果"。
TEXT TWENTY
European Union environmental officials have determined that twokinds of genetically modified corn could harm butterflies, affect food chainsand disturb life in rivers and streams, and they have proposed a ban on thesale of the seeds, which are made by DuPont Pioneer, Dow Agrosciences andSyngenta. The preliminary decisions are circulating within the EuropeanCommission, which has the final say. Some officials there are skeptical of aban that would upset the powerful biotechnology industry and could exacerbatetensions with important trading partners like the United States. The seeds arenot available on the European market for cultivation.
In the decisions, the environment commissioner, Stavros Dimas,contends that the genetically modified corn, or maize could affect certainbutterfly species, specifically the monarch, and other beneficial insects. Forinstance, research this year indicates that larvae of the monarch butterflyexposed to the genetically modified corn ’’behave differentlythan other larvae.’’ In the decision concerning the corn seeds produced by Dow andPioneer, Mr. Dimas calls ’’potential damage on the environment irreversible.’’ In thedecision on Syngenta’s corn, he says that ’’the level of risk generated by the cultivation of this product forthe environment is unacceptable.’’
A decision by the European Union to bar cultivation of thegenetically modified crops would be the first of its kind in the trade bloc,and would intensify the continuing battle over genetically modified corn.Banning the applications for corn crops also would mark a bold new step forEuropean environmental authorities, who are already aggressively pursuing regulationson emissions from cars and aircraft, setting it at odds with the United Statesand angering industries.
’’These products have been grown in the U.S. and other countries foryears,’’ said Stephen Norton, a spokesman for the United States trade representative.’’We are not aware of any other case when a product has been rejectedafter having been reviewed and determined safe’’ by European foodsafety authorities, he said.
Barbara Helfferich, a spokeswoman for Mr. Dimas, declined to commenton the specifics of the procedure because commissioners had not yet made afinal decision. But she said that the European Union was within its rights tomake decisions based on the ’’precautionary principle’’ even whenscientists had found no definitive evidence proving products can cause harm.She said that the decisions by Mr. Dimas could go before the commission withina few weeks, but she said that no date had been set. In the decisions, Mr.Dimas cited recent research showing that consumption of genetically modified ’’cornbyproducts reduced growth and increased mortality of nontarget stream insects’’ and thatthese insects ’’are important prey for aquatic and riparian predators’’ and thatthis could have ’’unexpected ecosystem-scale consequences.’’
Although still preliminary, his decisions could drastically tilt thepolicy against future approvals of genetically modified crops, said NathalieMoll, a spokeswoman for Europabio, an industry group with 80 members includingSyngenta, Pioneer and Dow. Europabio says that the crops grown using thegenetically modified corn are already imported into several European countries,including France and Germany, where they are used to feed animals like cows andchickens.
Rob Gianfranceschi, spokesman at the United States mission to theEuropean Union in Brussels, said it was too early to comment on a decision thathad not yet been formalized. But he made clear that the United States remainedfrustrated with European policies on genetically modified crops.
1. The preliminary decisions are made by_____.
[A] DuPont Pioneer, Dow Agrosciences and Syngenta
[B] European Union environmental officials
[C] European Commision
[D] Starvros Dimas
2. To the decisions, the European Commission officials’ attitudesare _____.
[A] skeptical
[B] controversial
[C] contradictory
[D] divergent
3. About the decisions, which one of the following statements isTRUE?
[A] The decisions aims to put a ban the sale of the seeds ofgenetically modified corn due to political and biological concerns.
[B] The decisions are warmly embraced by all EU members but bitterlyrejected by their trade partners.
[C] The decisions could probably be made even if no definitiveevidence proving the products harmful is found.
[D] there is high possibility that the decisions would be approvedby the European Commission.
4. Mr. Dimas cited many researches on the genetically modified cornin his decision in order to_____.
[A] dispel some officials’ doubt on hisdecisions
[B] enhance the strength of his decision-making
[C] demonstrate the latest achievement of his decision
[D] assure that they can be presented before the commission withsolid evidence
5. The word "tilt" (Line 1, Paragraph 6) most probablymeans_____.
[A] incline
[B] affect
[C] induce
[D] evoke
文章剖析：
这篇文章介绍了联合国环境官员就转基因食品提出的决议的一些情况。第一段介绍该决议目前在欧洲委员会中流传;第二段是环境专员具体在其决议中的观点;第三段讲述如果该决议落实将会是首例;第四段是美国贸易代表发言人的观点;第五段讲述Dimas先生决议的一些情况;第六段、第七段是其他人和机构的一些观点。
词汇注释：
genetically adv. 基因地
exacerbate v. 恶化，使加剧
monarch n. 黑脉金斑蝶
larvae n. 幼虫
aquatic adj. 水生的
riparian adj. 河边的，水滨的
predator n. 掠夺者，捕食其他动物的的动物
难句突破：
(1) European Union environmental officials havedetermined that two kinds of genetically modified corn could harm butterflies,affect food chains and disturb life in rivers and streams, and they haveproposed a ban on the sale of the seeds, which are made by DuPont Pioneer, DowAgrosciences and Syngenta.
[主体句式] EU environmental officials have determined that...and they haveproposed...
[结构分析] 该句是一个并列结构的复杂句。前一个分句带有宾语从句，宾语从句的谓语是三个并列结构的动词;后一个分句中，which 引导的非限定性定语从句是用来修饰the seeds的。
(2) In the decisions, Mr. Dimas cited recent research showing that consumptionof genetically modified ’’corn byproducts reduced growth and increased mortality of nontargetstream insects’’ and that these insects ’’are important preyfor aquatic and riparian predators’’ and that thiscould have ’’unexpected ecosystem-scale consequences.’’
[主体句式] Mr. Dimas cited recent research...
[句子结构] 该句是一个简单句，宾语research后面的现代分词是它的定语，该现代分词结构看似复杂，其实是三个并列的that 引导的从句构成的。
[句子译文] 在这些决定中，Dimas引用了最近的一些研究，这些研究表明转基因"谷物副产品"消费"抑制生长，增加nontarget昆虫死亡率"，而且这些昆虫"是水生动物重要的食物"，因此这可能有"未预料到的生态系统规模的后果"。
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