比利时法语天主教鲁汶大学基本概况

　　法语天主教鲁汶大学自从1425年建立以来，一直倡导开放，“向世界开放”是它的教学和研究使命的核心。下面请看出国留学网整理并翻译的天主教鲁汶大学基本概况，希望对你有帮助。

　　一、关于法语天主教鲁汶大学

　　Top-ranked Belgian francophone university

　　Placing 149th in the 2016 QS ranking of the world’s universities, UCL is ranked first among Belgian francophone universities. It is also one of Europe’s most well established universities, having been founded in 1425. Erasmus, Gerardus Mercator and Andreas Vesalius are among the greats to have graced its halls; it’s where Georges Lemaître formulated his Big Bang theory and Christian de Duve conducted research that won him the 1974 Nobel Prize in Medicine.

　　比利时顶级的法语大学

　　天主教鲁汶大学在QS2016年世界大学排名中位列第149位，在QS2018年大学排名中位列第153位，是比利时法语大学中排名最高的大学。不仅如此，天主教鲁汶大学还是欧洲最有声望的大学之一，它成立于1425年，伊拉斯谟、杰拉杜斯·麦卡托和安德雷亚斯·维萨里等人物都为鲁汶大学增添了光彩。也正是在鲁汶大学，乔治·勒梅特创立了大爆炸理论，克里斯汀•德迪夫从事了获得1974年诺贝尔医学奖的研究。

　　UCL: a window open to the world Since its foundation in 1425, "openness to the world" has been at the core of the UCL's missions in teaching and research. This means today: high percentage of international students at UCL: on fifth of our students come from the five continents representing more than 120 nationalities; many students exchanges, teachers and researchers through European networks (Erasmus programmes) and International networks (Erasmus Mundus, CEMS, TIME, Cluster, etc.), one fourth of UCL graduate students benefit from an experience abroad and UCL welcome as many students through our partnerships; A volontarist politic of partnerships with Higher Education Institutions from the South AND from more developed countries; An active participation in many networks in Teaching (CUD, Coimbra, AUF, CINDA, FUCE, FIUC, etc.) as well as in Research (6th European framework, etc.). The International action of UCL works because of the participation of all members of the university, dynamically coordinated by the Council of the International relations (CRI) with the support of its administration (ADRI ) under the responsability of the Prorector of the International Relations.

　　天主教鲁汶大学自从1425年建立以来，一直作为向世界开放的窗口，“向世界开放”一直是它的教学和研究使命的核心。这在今天意味着天主教鲁汶大学有高比例的国际生。事实上，我们五分之一的学生属于国际生，他们来自五大洲，代表了120多个国家。通过欧洲联网伊拉斯谟计划和国际网络伊拉斯莫斯世界计划、CEMS、TIME、Cluster等计划，我们有了许多学生交换项目、老师和研究生交流项目。我们四分之一的毕业生从海外经历从获益，通过我们的合作伙伴关系，我们欢迎各种类型的学生。我们同南方和更多发达国家有支援合作关系。我们积极参与各种教学和研究计划。天主教鲁汶大学的国际行动之所以行之有效是因为学校所有成员的参与，且得到国际关系委员会大力支持。

　　Facultiy and staff

　　师生人数

　　二、法语天主教鲁汶大学的历史

　　1425

　　Taking the lead, the city offers buildings and pays professors. Classes begin in October 1426. Leuven is one of the few comprehensive universities, with five faculties: theology (established in 1432), civil law, canon law, medicine and the arts. Until 1816 it remains the only university on the territory that becomes present-day Belgium.

　　1516

　　In Leuven, Erasmus discovers texts essential to his research, publishes his friend Thomas More’s Utopia, and pushes for the establishment of the Collegium Trilingue (‘College of the Three Languages’, Latin, Greek, Hebrew), which becomes a European centre of humanism.

　　1543

　　Vésale revolutionises anatomical knowledge with his treatise De humani corpore fabrica, which draws directly from his inquiries into dissection. He studied at Leuven, as did Mercator, who in 1569 publishes his projection system that leads to the first maps of the continents.

　　1592

　　Juste Lipse is appointed to the prestigious Collegium Trilingue (‘College of the Three Languages’, Latin, Greek, Hebrew), the first of its kind in Europe. A leading expert on Tacitus, he brings history and political thought into the intellectual realm.

　　1425

　　鲁汶率先提供教学楼，为教授付薪。1426年10月开课，时有五个学院：神学院(成立于1432年)、民法学院、教会法学院、医学院和文学院。在1816年以前，天主教鲁汶大学都是比利时唯一的大学。

　　1516

　　伊拉斯谟在鲁汶发现了重要研究文本，出版了其友人托马斯莫尔的《乌托邦》，促成了“三语言学院”的成立。三语言学院后来成为欧洲的一个人文主义中心。

　　1543

　　维萨里出版专著De humani corpore fabrica，对解剖学进行了革新。和墨卡托一样，维萨里在鲁汶学习。墨卡托于1569年出版了“等角投影”(即墨卡托投影)，使第一张世界地图得以形成。

　　1592

　　Juste Lipse 到欧洲首个语言学院“三语言学院”供职。作为研究历史学家塔西佗的专家，Juste Lipse 将历史和政治思想引入了知识领域。

　　1637

　　René Descartes sends his Discourse on Method to Leuven to be debated. Modern physics takes its place in the course and research programmes of the two science faculties: arts and medicine. Leuven now has 40 colleges, as well as teaching facilities and student accommodation modelled on Oxford, Cambridge, Bologna and Paris.

　　1755

　　Advanced mathematics and applied sciences enter the curriculum. The Faculty of Medicine is fitted with a modern anatomical theatre. By 1786 the university’s main library will expand to 50,000 volumes.

　　1797

　　In 1794 Belgium is incorporated into France. The Republic issues a law closing the university in 1797. It is re-established in 1816, in the wake of Napoleon’s final defeat, as a university of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. Mathematical and natural sciences become a single faculty. A botanical garden is created. The university builds a large auditorium (la Grande Rotonde) for assemblies and academic events.

　　1834

　　The 1830 Belgian Constitution proclaims the freedom of education, which contrasts with the interventionism of all other European states. In 1834 Belgian bishops establish the Catholic University of Malines and in 1835 transfer it into University of Leuven buildings built in 1425. Its first mission is to train managers of the new state and of a society experiencing industrial and cultural revolution. The Faculty of Medicine guarantees its students employment at Saint-Pierre Public Hospital, in Brussels.

　　1637

　　笛卡尔将其著作《方法论》带到鲁汶，引发了争议。现代物理学在文学院、医学院的课程和研究计划中有了一席之地。鲁汶此时已有40个学院、教学设施和学生宿舍，这些都是以牛津、剑桥、博洛尼亚和巴黎为范本。

　　1755

　　高数和应用科学被引入课程。医学院有了现代解剖学教室。到1786年，鲁汶大学的主要图书馆有了5万册藏书。

　　1797

　　比利时被法国占领。同年，法国下令关闭鲁汶大学。拿破仑最终战败后，鲁汶大学重新建立，作为英国管辖之下的荷兰的一所大学。这个时候，数学和自然科学合为一个学院。有了植物园和用于集会和学术活动的会堂。

　　1834

　　比利时宪法宣布教育自由，与当时欧洲其他国家的干预主义形成鲜明对比。1834年，比利时主教成立天主教马林丝纱罗大学。1835年，将其并入成立于1425年的鲁汶大学。其第一使命的为正在经历工业和文化革命的新国家和社会培养干事。医学院则为其学生分配工作，安排学生到布鲁塞尔的圣彼得公立医院就业。

　　1868

　　Specialised engineering and agronomy schools open (1878). In subsequent decades, all faculties establish institutes – archaeology, economics, political and social sciences, medical specialisations – expand their course programmes, install laboratories and create seminars that teach students critical thinking and scientific research methods. A dozen international research journals are born at the university.

　　1896

　　Charles-Jean de la Vallée Poussin, professor in the Faculty of Sciences, proves the prime number theorem. Arthur Van Gehuchten (Faculty of Medicine) develops neuron theory with future Nobel Prize winner Ramon y Cajal and establishes a university neurology chair and clinic.

　　1909

　　Paulin Ladeuze becomes rector. A leading New Testament exegete who in 1900 helped put the university’s Faculty of Theology at the international forefront, he establishes institutes and rebuilds the university library, which was destroyed 25 August 1914, during the First World War. In 1924, the United States, many European countries including France and Greece, and Japan replenish the library with an exceptional donation of manuscripts, books and artworks reflecting local cultural history.

　　1927-1932

　　In the 1920s, Georges Lemaître is one of the first and finest experts of Einstein’s general theory of relativity (1915). He connects the theory to experimental data proliferating in the field of astronomy and presents two hypotheses, in 1927 and 1931 respectively, that turn cosmology on its head: the universe is both expanding and the result of an initial explosion of incredibly  concentrated energy. Current cosmology has preserved Lemaître’s founding insights and confirmed his theory.

　　1868

　　专门的工程学院和农艺学院成立(1878)。在接下来的几十年里，所有学院都有了自己研究所，考古学、经济学、政治学、社会科学和医学都有了研究所，丰富了课程，有了实验室和探讨会，培养学生的批判性思考和科研方法。十多份国际研究期刊这时也已诞生。

　　1896

　　科学院教授普森证明了素数定理。医学院的Arthur Van Gehuchten 和未来诺贝尔奖得主拉蒙卡哈尔发展了神经元学说，建立了大学神经病学教授职位和诊所。

　　1909

　　Paulin Ladeuze担任鲁汶大学校长。作为新约圣经权威的评注者，Paulin Ladeuze于1900年将鲁汶大学神学院推向了国际前沿。他成立了研究所，改建了大学图书馆(图书馆在1914年8月25日一战期间毁坏)。1924年，美国、法国、希腊和日本等国家为鲁汶大学图书馆捐赠了大量手稿、书籍、艺术品。这些捐赠都反映了当地的文化历史。

　　1927-1932

　　20世纪20年代，乔治·勒梅特成为爱因斯坦广义相对论(1915)的第一个也是最优秀的研究者。他将广义相对论理论同实验数据联系，扩充了天文学领域，并分别于1927年和1931年提出了两个假设，颠覆了宇宙论。他认为宇宙正在扩张，并且是原始大爆炸的产物。如今的宇宙论仍然保留了乔治·勒梅特的这一洞见，并证明了他的理论。

　　1940

　　Paulin Ladeuze dies in January 1940. Honoré Van Waeyenbergh succeeds him and soon must confront war and Belgium’s occupation. He protects students from forced labour in Germany and welcomes students from ULB, which is forced to close. After the war, he takes on the challenge of making university education more accessible.

　　1966

　　The Centre for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE) is created in 1966 as an interdisciplinary, interuniversity and international research centre. Throughout its history, it will recruit gifted and celebrated researchers, among them winners of the Nobel Prize (Gérard Debreu, Robert J. Aumann).

　　1968

　　In 1968, the university splits into Dutch-speaking and French-speaking universities. The French-speaking university (UCL) builds all-new facilities: the university town of Louvain-la-Neuve in Brabant Wallon and the site of Woluwe Saint-Lambert in Brussels. The relocation begins in Louvain-la-Neuve in October 1972 and in Woluwe in September 1974. The Saint-Luc University Hospital opens in August 1976.

　　1969

　　Paul-Jacques Kestens and Jean-Bernard Otte, professors in the Faculty of Medicine, perform the first successful liver transplant on the European continent. In the early 1980s transplants commence at Saint-Luc University Hospital, where doctors can effectively fight organ rejection. Since then, the hospital has been the scene of many world firsts.

　　1940

　　Paulin Ladeuze在1940年1月逝世，Honoré Van Waeyenbergh 担任鲁汶大学校长。不久，鲁汶大学陷入战争，比利时被占领。在这期间，Honoré Van Waeyenbergh 保护学生免于德国劳役，并欢迎了布鲁塞尔自由大学的学生(布鲁塞尔自由大学当时被迫关闭)。二战之后，Honoré Van Waeyenbergh 扛起了普及大学教育的重担。

　　1966

　　运筹学和计量经济学研究中心成立，成为跨学科、跨高校的国际研究中心。在整个历史中，运筹学和计量经济学研究中心聘用了有才能且有声望的研究员，其中有诺贝尔奖得主杰拉德·德布鲁和罗伯特.奥曼。

　　1968

　　天主教鲁汶大学分裂，分为荷兰语鲁汶大学 (KUL)和法语鲁汶大学(UCL)。法语鲁汶大学迁往新校址，迁到布拉班瓦隆区大学城新鲁汶市和布鲁塞尔Woluwe Saint-Lambert 。前一个校址的搬迁始于1972年10月，后者始于1974年9月。圣鲁克大学医院于1976年8月开放。

　　1969

　　医学院教授Paul-Jacques Kestens 和Jean-Bernard Otte成功完成欧洲大陆首个肝脏移植手术。29世纪80年代，移植手术在圣鲁克大学医院展开。在这里，博士们可以有效地同器官排斥进行斗争。自那以后，圣鲁克大学医院成了诸多世界第一的诞生地。

　　1974

　　Christian de Duve (1917-2013) received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1974 for identifying two organelles, the lysosome (1955) and the peroxisome (1965), which affect how a cell absorbs beneficial substances and rejects others. A few months later, he establishes the UCL Molecular Pathology Institute, a biochemistry and genetics research centre that today is called the de Duve Institute.

　　1983

　　UCL teams participate in all European framework research programmes from their creation in 1983.

　　1991

　　The purpose of the Hoover Chair of Economic and Social Ethics is to stimulate thinking on teaching and research ethics and to contribute to an open and informed debate regarding questions of importance to society. Research programmes on sustainable development, climate change and understanding new global forces are launched in all disciplines.

　　1974

　　克里斯汀•德迪夫因鉴定了两个细胞器溶酶体(1955)和 过氧物酶体 (1965)获得1074年诺贝尔医学奖。正是这两个细胞器影响了细胞对有意物质的吸收和对其他物质的排斥。两个月之后，克里斯汀•德迪夫建立了法语鲁汶大学分子病理学研究所。作为生物化学和遗传研究中心，这个研究所今天仍被叫做德迪夫研究所。

　　1983

　　法语鲁汶大学团队参加同年成立的所有欧洲框架研究计划。

　　1991

　　胡佛经济与社会伦理委员会成立。委员会目的是为了促进伦理学教研方面的思考，为公开和专业地讨论具有社会影响力的问题做出贡献。所有学科都启动了可持续发展、气候变化和新兴全球力量相关研究计划。

　　2004

　　The entire curriculum is revamped during transition to the so-called Bologna Process and Higher Education Area. Dynamic teaching methods, promotion of lifelong learning, university partnerships (dual degrees) and the Project for Students with a Specific Profile (PEPS), begun in 2007, are among the reforms.

　　2005

　　The Louvain School of Engineering expands its programme of clean rooms: high-tech laboratories for the production of micro- and nanoscopic devices intended especially for research in microelectronics, materials and biology.

　　2010

　　ACCROCHE : UCL is made up of 14 faculties and its research teams are organised into 21 institutes: nine in the Human Sciences Sector; five (linked to 35 specialised research centres, groups, units and laboratories) in the Health Sciences Sector; five (16) in the Science and Technology Sector; and one that is intersectoral (four).

　　2004

　　所有课程在进入所谓“波罗尼亚进程和高等教育区”之后都进行了修改。从2007年开始的动态教学法、促进终身学习、大学伙伴关系(双学位)和特殊简介学生计划都是改革的的内容。

　　2005

　　鲁汶工程学院推动清洁室计划，有了专门同于微电子学、材料和生物研究的高科技微观设备和纳米设备生产实验室。

　　2010

　　法语鲁汶大学分为14个学院，其研究团队分布在21个研究机构。其中，9个分布在人文科学部，5个在科学健康部(科学健康部联络有35个专门研究中心、团队、单位和实验室)，5个在科技部，1个在跨学科部。