2018泰晤士英国大学专业排名：一般工程专业

　　出国留学网：近日，泰晤士报公布了2018年英国大学工程与技术专业排名，其中包括一般工程(General engineering)排名。本文是关于英国大学在该排名中的具体表现及专业介绍，供你选校参考。

　　【一般工程相关介绍】

　　1.What is general engineering?

　　General engineering is the branch of science and technology dealing with the design, building, maintenance and use of engines, machines and structures. It includes subcategories such as electrical, chemical, mechanical, civil, architectural engineering and computer engineering.

　　Engineers are essential to finding solutions to both developing and developed economies’ problems.

　　Engineering is directly linked to environmental, economic, legal, social and political contexts, so a broader degree in general engineering, or even a double degree of engineering with another discipline might help you exercise your skills better.

　　General engineering is also a good option for those who are undecided on the kind of engineering they’d like to specialise in. Some universities will give you the option to do a general engineering degree in your first year and then choose the area of the discipline you’d like to pursue in your second year.

　　1.什么是一般工程?

　　一般工程是科学技术的一个分支，它涉及引擎、机器和结构的设计、建造及维修。一般工程下面的子科目包括电气工程、化学工程、机械工程、土木工程、建筑工程和计算机工程。

　　工程师是发展中国家和发达国家经济问题的有力的应对者。

　　工程直接与环境、经济、法律、社会和政治语境有关，因此一般工程学位和工程双学位可能会有助于你更好地运用自己的技能。

　　对于不知道该选工程专业哪个方向的学生，一般工程也是一个不错的选择。某些大学允许学生在第一年学习一般工程学位，然后在第二年选择感兴趣的方向。

　　2.What might you find on a general engineering degree?

　　A general three or four year engineering degree usually includes covers an overview in the first year with the option to possibly specialise into a branch of engineering in the second year or third year.

　　Typical first year courses are mathematics with computation, mathematics for engineers and scientists, experimentation, engineering design, mechanical engineering, electromagnetism, thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, electronic measurement, applied mechanics and electric and electronic engineering.

　　Second year may include modules in further engineering mathematics, further experimentation, further electrical engineering, computer-Based modelling, business simulation and classical control. In addition, you may choose to study such courses as communications, electrical engineering, electromagnetism and electronics, embedded systems, properties and processing of materials, mechanics of structures, thermodynamics and fluid dynamics.

　　Some universities offer the option of doing a project or study abroad in the third year of university.

　　In the last year of your degree, you may expect to study management, further communications, advanced electrical engineering, electrical power, programmable electronics, advanced control and signal processing, advanced computer systems and digital electronics, advanced applied mechanics, advanced electrical engineering and advanced course on materials among others.

　　In addition, you will carry your own engineering project.

　　2.一般工程学位学些什么?

　　一般工程学位需要三年到四年时间学习，第一年通常涉及概论，第二年或第三年选择一个感兴趣的方向(比如电气工程、化学工程、机械工程、土木工程、建筑工程、计算机工程)。

　　一般而言，第一年课程有数学计算、工程师与科学家数学、实验、工程设计、机械工程、电磁学、热力学与流体力学、电子测量、应用力学以及电气与电子工程。

　　第二年，模块可能会涉及工程数学、进一步试验、进一步电气工程、计算机基础模块、商业模拟和经典控制。此外，你还可以学习通信、电气工程、电磁学与电子学、嵌入式系统、材料性能与处理、结构力学、热力学与流体力学。

　　第三年，某些大学会提供项目或海外学习选择。

　　学位最后一年，你可能需要学习管理、高级通信、高级电气工程、电功率、可编程电子仪器、高级控制与信号处理、高级计算机系统与数字电子学、高级应用力学、高级电气工程与材料高级课程。

　　此外，可能还要自己做工程项目。

　　3.What should I study to do a general engineering degree?

　　In order to do general engineering at university, you should ideally study mathematics and physics. Another science is often accepted instead of physics. A lot of universities will require fairly high grades in these subjects. If you don’t get these grades, you can consider a Foundation Year or take additional assessment tests.

　　Other subjects such as design and technology or art will help you develop your design skills, which are useful in engineering. Studying an arts or humanities subject will also help you develop written and oral communication and presentation skills which are necessary for team work - a central feature of engineering projects. These subjects will also contribute to your understanding of the world and of the socio-economic and cultural factors with which engineering directly interacts.

　　You may also want to undertake an extra-curricular engineering project, read engineering books, listen to engineering courses online or attend engineering conferences to prove your interest in the field.

　　3.想在大学里学习一般工程学位，需要先学哪些知识?

　　如果要在大学里读一般工程专业，最好有优秀的数学和物理成绩。物理也可以用其他与科学相关的科目来代替。许多大学对这些科目都有很高的分数要求。如果分数达不到，你可以考虑预科，或者参加其他评估测试。

　　设计、技术或艺术等学科有助于你培养设计能力，而设计能力在工程专业中是有用的。艺术或人文类学科有助于培养书面、口头表达技能和演示技巧，这些都是团队工作必须的，工程项目又经常涉及团队合作。此外，这些科目也有助于你对世界的理解和对与工程专业直接相关的社会经济文化因素的认识。

　　为了证明你有工程专业兴趣，可能还需要做课外工程项目，读一些工程专业书籍，到网上听工程课程或者参加工程会议。

　　4.What do people go on to do?

　　General engineering degrees give graduates analysis and problem solving skills, team-working and leadership skills. This allows them to go into engineering jobs in control engineering, sensors and data processing, telecommunications, computing, energy, transport and utilities companies, architectural and design companies, mobile technologies, biomedical engineering, engineering consultancies or academia.

　　As an engineer, you may work in laboratories, on building sites or offices. In order to advance in your career in engineering, you may have to take management responsibilities and travel nationally or internationally. You may have to take extra-hours especially when the deadlines are approaching.

　　Alternatively an engineers’ skill-set is highly prized in non-engineering industries such as finance, business, intellectual property agencies, academia, government bodies, think tanks, Civil Service, non-governmental organisations or regulatory bodies.

　　4.一般工程专业毕业后可以做哪些工作?

　　读一般工程专业，你可以学到分析和解决问题的技能，可以具备团队精神和领导能力。在此基础上，你可以从事许多与工程专业相关工作，比如控制工程、传感器与数据处理、电信、计算机、能源、交通与公用事业、建筑设计、移动技术、生物医学工程、工程咨询和学术。

　　作为工程师，你可以在实验室上班，可以在建筑工地或办公室工作。如果想获得进一步发展，你可能需要承担管理职责，在国内或到国外旅游。在项目要到期的时候可能必须加班。

　　同样，工程师的技能背景被许多非工程行业看好，比如金融、商务、知识产权机构、学术、政府机构、智囊机构、行政部门、非政府组织和管理部门。

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