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2021考研英语:“一词多义”share(2)
share在考研翻译中(2000-2014年)共出现过五次,即:
2009-(49) Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.
2011-(46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share—that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts—and reveal its erroneous nature.
2012-(47) Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share common origins, it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings.
2012-(48) To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.
2012-(49) The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality, identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many languages, which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints.
2009年(49)题和2011年(46)题中的share,已经讨论过。2012年中的3个题连续出现share,是否3个share翻译为同样的词,是个值得考虑的问题。
2012年47题中,share作为动词出现,后面接宾语common origins,那么share究竟翻译为什么需要考虑“动词+名词”的搭配情况。common origins意为“共同的起源”,share如若理解为“分享”,那么这部分是“分享共同的起源”,显然汉语里不这样表达。“分享共同的起源”即“拥有共同的起源”,但后面的译文更为规范。如果考生记忆词汇时,知道“分享”实际上是从“共有,公用”中衍生出来的,那这个译文更好得出。
2012年48题中,To filter out what is unique from what is shared是整个句子的主语部分,涉及到两个有what引导的宾语从句。what在名词性从句中的释义十分灵活,需要根据语境灵活处理。这个句子中有what is unique(什么是独特的,即“独特因素,个别因素”)提示,那么“what is shared”意义相反,是“不独特因素”即“共性”。这个句子考查的是“共有(特点、特征)”的意思。2012年49题中,恰好可以把share按照字面意思翻译,shared by many languages作后置定语修饰traits(特征),即“多种语言的共有特征”。
总之,“考研不致,单词不止”。在翻译中学习词汇,不仅能够加深对词汇释义的理解,也可以锻炼自己的翻译能力。
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