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2021考研英语：英语备考之单词辨析(2)
WORD
affluent a. 富裕的，富足的
aftermath n. 后果，余波
aggravate vt. 1.加重 2.激怒，使恼火
aggregate n. 总数，合计 a. 总计的，合计 vt. 1.总计达，合计 2.使聚集，使积聚
in the aggregate 总共，作为总体
agitate vi. (for,against)煽动，鼓动 vt. 1.搅动，摇动 2.使焦虑不安
agony n. (极度的)痛苦，创痛
agreeable a. 1.令人愉快的，惬意的 2.(欣然)同意的，乐意的
aide n. 助手，副官
ailment n. 小病，疾病
air-conditioning n. 空调设备，空调系统
aisle [ail] n. 过道，通道
album n. 粘贴簿，集邮簿，像册
alcoholic a. 1.酒精的，含酒精的 2.由酒精引起的 n. 酗酒者
alien a. 1.外国的，外国人的 2.陌生的 3.性质不同的，不相容的 n. 1.外国人，外侨 2.外星人
alienate vt. 1.使疏远，使不友好，离间 2.转让，让渡(财产等)
allege vt. 断言，宣称，硬说
alleviate vt. 减轻，缓解，缓和
alley n. 小巷，胡同
allot vt. 分配，拨出
alloy n. 合金 vt. 将……铸成合金
allude vi. (to)暗指，影射，提及
A Hungry Alien
When an alcoholic man dressed in dirty clothes and stinking of beer first alleged that an alien had landed in an alley behind a restaurant frequented by the affluent, no one listened to him. Photos from the aftermath filled 10 photo albums.
In the begining, as he rushed down the center aisle of the pleasantly air-conditioned room, the alcoholic wasn't able to successfully agitate anybody. It was as if they were only looking at his appearance and not listening to his words. When he did finally find someone agreeable to come outside and see what he said had happened, he was completely alienated to see that the creature was no longer there. Now that he had aggravated so many rich people, he was sure that he would leave the room in agony. His fears were alleviated, however, when the alien broke through a window into the restaurant, somehow knowingly coming to the aide of the alcoholic.
When all the people realized that the alien that the alcoholic had alluded to was really there and composed of an aggregate of unknown alloy not affected by normal bullets, they screamed and ran around leaving no chance for anyone to allot a route of escape. They behaved, in the aggregate, as if no one in the world could relieve them of this alien ailment. And they were right. None of the outside help that came could stop the alien from eating everyone in the restaurant.
饥饿的外星人
当一个穿着脏衣服、满口啤酒味的酗酒男人宣称有外星人在一家富人经常光顾的酒店后面的一个胡同里降落时，没有人听他的话。事后的照片装满了10个影集。
起初，当他从舒服的空调房间的中心过道冲进去的时候，这位酗酒者没能成功地鼓动起任何人。大家好象只在看他的样子，没有注意听他在说什么。当他终于找到一个人愿意出来看一看时，他完全成了孤家寡人，因为那东西已经不见了。由于激怒了那么多的有钱人，他清楚他不得不痛苦地离开那里。但是，很快他的恐惧得到了缓解，因为这时外星人破窗而入，好象知道要当酗酒者的助手似的。
当大家明白酗酒者提到的外星人确实存在而且总体上是由一种不知名的、普通子弹打不穿的合金构成的时候，他们尖叫着四处乱跑，竟没有留出一条出路，结果谁也没有机会逃出去。他们的行为总的来说就好象世界上没有人能把他们从这种性质不同的疾病中解救出来。他们的感觉是对的，因为任何外来的援助都没能阻止外星人吃掉酒店里的每一个人。
2021考研英语：易混词汇如何区分记忆?
sting [stiN] v. 1. 叮 2. 刺痛，刺 n. 刺(痛)
stink [stiNk] v. 发出臭味， 名声臭， 极低劣
n. 臭味
revolve [ri5vClv] vi. (使)旋转
revolution [7revE5lu:FEn] n. 1. 革命 2. 旋转，转数
revolutionary [5revE5lu:FEnEri] a. 革命的，革新的 n. 革命者
evolution [7i:vE5lu:Fen] n. 进化，演化
volume [5vRlju:m] n. 1. 音量 2. 体积，容积3.书卷 4. 栏目
evolve [i5vClv] v. (使)进化，(使)发展
involve [in5vClv] vt. 1. 卷入，陷入 2. 牵涉
3. 包含，必有……的结果
1. In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action hasrevolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. (NETEM 1999, Passage 2, Paragraph 1)
大约在网上交易的第一年当中，大部分业务活动都是围绕着努力开发消费者市场来进行的。
2. Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. (NETEM 1994, Translation, 第74题)
伽利略最光辉的业绩在于他在1609年是第一个把新发明的望远镜对准了天空的人，以证实行星是围绕太阳旋转而不是围绕地球旋转的。
3. What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real. (NETEM 1998, Passage 2, Paragraph 1)
商人们自认为的他们所领导的生产力革命是否确有其事，这一点更加难以确定。
4. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and rears. (NETEM 2005, Text 3, Paragraph 1)
一个世纪前，弗洛伊德阐述了革命性的理论，即梦是人们潜意识中欲望和恐惧经伪装后的预示。
5. Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution :they “look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.” (NETEM 2000, Passage 2, Paragraph 3)
达尔文有一句话描述那些对进化一无所知的人，他们“看有机的生命如同野人看船，好像看某种完全不能理解的东西”。
6. Just three weeks before the Court’s ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. (NETEM 2002, Text 4, Paragraph 7)
就在最高法庭对医助自杀进行裁决的前三周，国家科学院公布了一份长达两卷的报告–––––临近死亡：完善临终护理。
7. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question. (NETEM 2005, Text 1, Paragraph 5)
但是，这种公平感是在卷尾猴和人类身上各自独立演化而成，还是来自三千五百万前他们共同的祖先，这还是一个悬而未决的问题。
(注：本句主语是whether…or whether(是……还是……);并且两个whether各自引导一个主语从句。本句谓语是is an unanswered question。as yet是插入语，表“至今，到现在为止”。
whether…or whether这个句型对于写社会问题类作文是个极好的句型，请背诵仿写这句话。)
8. Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations. (NETEM 1999, Passage 3, Paragraph 3)
此外，在我们这么大的一个国家里，经济延展到这么多的州，涉及这么多的国际公司，要培养出所需数量的各类专业人员是不太可能的。
(注：本句的地点状语是in a country, country带了两个修饰成分，一个是as large as ours，另一个是where引导的定语从句，在这个定语从句中主语the economy有两个并列的动词is和involves。另外，注意spread的过去式和过去分词不变。)
9. Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs.genius dispute. Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa(反之)often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. (NETEM 1994, Translation, 第75题)
联邦政府的政策必然要卷入到技术与天才之争中去。 政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动力量。
2021考研英语：英语备考之单词辨析(1)
WORD
abbreviation n.缩写, 缩写词
abide vt. 容忍
abide by 遵守，履行
abnormal a.反常的，异常的
abolish vt. 废止, 废除(法律、制度、习俗等)
abortion n. 流产, 堕胎
abound vi. 1. 大量存在 2.(in,with)充满 ,富于
abreast ad. 并列，并排
keep abreast of 与……齐头并进，了解……的最新情况
abrupt a. 1. 突然的,意外的 2.(举止、言谈等)唐突的，鲁莽的
abstain vi. 1.弃权 2.(from)戒除
absurd a. 荒谬的，荒唐的
abundance n. 大量，丰富，充足
in abundance 充足，丰富
accessory n. 1.附件，零件，配件 2.[常pl.](妇女手提包之类的)装饰品 3.同谋，帮凶，包庇犯
acclaim vt. 向……欢呼，为……喝彩 n. 称赞，欢迎
accommodate vt. 1.容纳 2.向……提供住处(或膳宿) 3.使适应，顺应
accomplice n. 共犯，从犯
accountable a. 负有责任的
ace n. 1.(纸牌等中的)幺点，“A”牌 2.(网球等比赛中)发球得分 3.(在某方面的)佼佼者 a. 第一流的，杰出的
acoustic a. 1.听觉的，声音的 2.(乐器)原声的
acquaint vt. (with)使认识，使了解，使熟悉
acquit vt. 1.宣判……无罪 2.(oneself)使(自己)作出某种表现
activate vt. 使活动起来，使开始起作用
Accommodating a Pregnancy
Xiaomin never thought abortion was a big deal. As he became acquainted with American politics , however , he realized you have to work hard to keep abreast of changing values to truly understand how absurdly controversial this issue has become. He found out from his American friends that opinions are in abundance of how to teach people to be accountable for their actions, how to make people abide by Family Planning laws, and even how to teach people just to abstain from sex. The significance of this issue became abruptly clear when Xiaomin's best friend, Jeff, got his girlfriend pregnant.
Jeff was an acclaimed graduate student who was living an abnormal life from other Americans just by attending a Chinese university to get his Ph.D.(Ph.D. is an abbreviation for Doctor of Philosophy, the highest degree available in a university). Jeff was also an ace soccer player and acoustic guitar player. There was also alway an abundance of women around him. This is how he met Sarah.
When Sarah became pregnant with Jeff, his friends suddenly treated him as if he was an accessory to murder. Jeff also felt as if he needed to be acquitted of some crime. But he decided in the end that he and his accomplice, Sarah, would keep the baby. According to Jeff and Sarah, the life of their child was more important than their career. Xiaomin was amazed. Keeping the child would abolish any chance of a successful career for Jeff. And in Xiaomin's eyes, one could activate the process for an abortion with a simple visit to the doctor even though there might be lines, three people abreast.
But Jeff and Sarah were firm in their decision and Xiaomin had to abide his friends' decision. Life abounded in surprises. Now Jeff and Sarah were leaving school and returning to the United States. They would do everying they could to accommodate themselves to their new situation.
选择生孩子
小民从来没想过流产是个大事。但是，当他了解美国政治之后，他认识到得下很大的工夫才能一直了解不断变化着的价值观念，真正理解关于这个问题的争议是多么的荒唐可笑。他从美国朋友身上发现人们对许多问题的看法是很丰富的，如怎样教人们对自己的行为负责、如何使人们遵守计划生育的法律规定、甚至如何教人们节制性生活。小民最要好的朋友杰夫使女朋友怀孕了，这件事情使上述问题的重要性突然变得清楚了。
杰夫是位颇受赞扬的研究生，他的生活和其他美国人相比是有些反常，因为他在一所中国大学里读博士学位(Ph.D.是Doctor of Philosorhy的缩写，是大学里能够获得的最高学位)。杰夫还是一名优秀的足球运动员和原声吉他手，他身边总是有一大堆女人围着他，他就是这样和萨拉相识的。
杰夫使萨拉怀孕后，他的朋友突然把他当作是谋杀同谋。杰夫也觉得好象有必要判他有罪，但最终决定他和他的共犯萨拉将生下这个孩子。杰夫和萨拉认为，孩子的生命比他们的事业更重要。小民感到很吃惊，因为要这个孩子将彻底毁杰夫在事业上取得成功的机会。在小民看来，你只要去一趟医生那里，整个流产过程就会启动，尽管可能要排队，三个人并列而行。
但是杰夫和萨拉的态度很坚决，小民只好接受朋友们的决定。生活充满了出人意料的事情。现在杰夫和萨拉正打算退学回美国，他们会尽全力使自己适应他们的新生活。
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