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2021考研英语:英语小作文如何审题?
首先，我们来看这道题。Suppose your university is going to celebrate its 100th anniversary.write an email to former students of your university,providing them with relevant information about the celebration and inviting them to participate.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
DO not use your own name in the email;use “Li Ming”instead.(10 points)
1. 通过”email”判断应用文类型为书信。
2. 通过”inviting”判断信件类型是邀请信。
3. 通过”former students of your university”判断收件人是谁，进一步判断称呼为：Dear Sir or Madam,因为收件人不是具体地某一个人，而是一群人。
4. 内容要点为：providing them with relevant information about the celebration 和 inviting them to participate。
5. 署名为Li Ming
上面这道题的审题相对而言比较简单，接下来，我们来看一道比较复杂的题目。
Suppose Professor Smith published a new book about cultural differences between China and America.Write him an email to
1. congratulate him,and
2. Invite him to deliver a lecture
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
DO not use your own name in the email;use “Li Ming”instead.(10 points)
1.通过”email”判断应用文类型为书信。
2.通过”congratulate”判断信件类型是祝贺信,通过”invite”判断信件类型是邀请信,所以这是一个祝贺信和邀请信的结合体。
3.通过”former students of your university”判断收件人是谁，进一步判断称呼为：Dear Sir or Madam,因为收件人不是具体地某一个人，而是一群人。
4.内容要点为：congratulate him和 Invite him to deliver a lecture
5.署名为Li Ming
通过以上的分析，我们会发现小作文的审题主要是5大步骤，第一判断应用文类型，第二判断书信类型，第三判断收件人是谁，第四判断署名是谁，第五判断书信的主要内容。如果是通知的话，审题就是由3大步骤构成的，第一判断应用文类型，如果是通知的话，题干中会出现notice,announce,announcement这些关键词，第二判断通知的主要内容，第三判断署名是谁。
总而言之，对于作文这个题目而言，审题是我们的第一步，也是非常重要的一步，一旦审题出现错误，后面的写作就既浪费时间，又得不了分，得不偿失。
2021年考研英语：作文备考的词句分析
一、结果类
exert A on B
A-a great impact/ a positive influence/ a negative impact
Eg: Family education may exert a great impact on children’s behavior.
对于结果类的句子大家都习惯用“have a great impact/a positive influence on”很少用“exert a great impact/ a positive influence/ a negative impact on”，如果大家以后关于结果类的句型都用“exert”这个单词，是不是给自己的作文加分了呢?
二、见证类
The past several years have witnessed .......
Eg: The past several years have witnessed an exponential increase in the number of cars.
在写作文的时候我们经常会用到一些背景句，我们在写这一类句子的时候往往会用人作主语，而更为地道的英语，往往都是用时间作主语，我们也会在经济学人期刊经常看到类似的表达: The past several years have witnessed an exponential increase in the number of parents who wish to send their kids to art classes.
三、重要类
Nothing is more important than...
Sth plays quite an important role in...
Eg: Nothing is more important than to protect the environment.
Math,to some extent, plays quite an important role in students’ examination.
四、引出类
There is much controversy over the issue of...
Sth has given rise to a heated discussion.
Sth has caused quite a stir among the general public.
As regards sth, there has been a heated discussion among the general public.
Opinions vary greatly when it comes to sth.
其次，英语作文要注意衔接词的添加，弄清两个句子之间存在的逻辑关系。中国人写文章比较含蓄，注重意境与内隐，如：“我没去上学，我感冒了。”
而外国人注重简明易懂。如：“I did not go to school because I got the cold.”所以，我们受母语影响，会忘记衔接词的使用。
1. 一般情况下，两个句子之间，只要不存在转折关系，没事就使用“and”。
Eg: I have two kids, and both of them are very clever and cute .
2. 表示原因的句子，要用“because/ because of/ in that/due to/ for/ since等。
Eg: I did not go to school because I got the cold.
3. 表示递进的句子，要用“furthermore/ what’s more/ moreover等。
Eg: To begin with, it goes without saying that science and technology has exerted a positive impact on the progress of civilization in the courses of our history. Furthermore/What’s more/Moreover, science and technology allows us to broaden one’s horizon....
4. 表示转折的句子，要用“but/however/yet/nevertheless/ by contrast/while等。
Eg: Some people maintain that praise should be given to the wealth because they contribute to charity business. While others take it for granted that......
然后，单词的多样性，难度。
1. 单词的多样性。
在作文中要多用同义转换，这样会让阅卷老师觉得你的词汇量很大很丰富。
Eg：people in growing numbers take it granted that taking exercise everyday is beneficial to our body, nevertheless, others maintain that work out, to some extent, might exert a negative influence on ours.
这里的 “taking exercise” 和“work out”为同义转换都是锻炼的意思。
2. 短语替代单词
Make a decision 替代decide
3. 单词的难度
同样是表达做某事很重要，有低级的表达也有高级的表达，所以大家要用些高级词汇替代低级词汇。
低级版：it is important that....
高级版：it is vital/ of great importance/ significant that...
最后，句子的多样性和长度。
1. 句子的长度，定语从句，名词性从句，状语从句，并列词拉长句子。
低级版：some people believe that the wealth have become rich can not leave the others in the society. They should contribute to the society.
高级版：Those people who hold the first opinion believe the wealth can not get rich without others in the society and they should feedback the society.
这里用一个定语从句修饰people，用并列连词不仅拉长了句子而且丰富了句子的多样性，contribute to 和 feedback 为单词的同义转换。
2. 功能句的应用和主动变被动
低级版: About these two ideas, I agree the latter one. For one thing, the wealth get their money because they work honestly and legally.
高级版：weighing up these two arguments, I am inclined to the latter one.For one thing,the wealth’s money is gotten by their honest and legal business.
背景为绿色的为功能句的使用，红色阴影的为主动变被动。
3. 虚拟语气倒装句的使用等。
It is high time that we are supposed to...
Only in this way can we ....
综上所述，要想写好作文，首先，多积累句子的类型，其次注意连接词的使用，然后单词的使用，包括同义转换，高级词汇替代低级词汇，最后句子的长度和多样性。
2021年考研英语：英语作文的翻译讲解
Directions:
In order to celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival in June, your class is going to hold a celebration that day. Supposing you are the monitor of the class, write a letter to the foreign students in your university to invite them to attend the celebration.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the email. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
一、预测范文
Dear Friends,
On behalf of Class 3, I warmly welcome you to attend the Dragon Boat Festival celebration.
The Dragon Boat Festival, falling on the 5th of May in the Chinese lunar calendar, is a traditional Chinese holiday for family members to gather together.Aside from enjoying the dragon boat racing, Chinese people will also eat the traditional food of festival—zongzi. Considering that some students can not have this yearly reunion with their families, our class decides to hold this celebration to make everyone feel the love and friendship on this special day.
If you are interested in participating in this celebration, please fill your personal information on our school website, www.bfsu.edu.cn. The activity will be held in the Summer Palace from 10:00 a.m. to 16:00 p.m. on June 12th.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
二、参考译文
亲爱的朋友们：
我代表3班热烈欢迎你们参加端午节的庆祝活动。
农历五月初五的端午节是一个传统的中国节日，家人会在那一天相聚。除了欣赏赛龙舟，中国人也会吃一种传统的节日礼物——粽子。考虑到一些学生今年无法和家人团聚，我们班决定举行此次庆祝活动使每位同学都在这个特别的日子里感受到爱和友情。
如果你对这个活动感兴趣，请登录学校的网站www.bfsu.edu.cn，并填写个人信息。活动将在6月12日上午10:00至下午4:00在颐和园举行。
您真诚的，
三、亮点词汇
on behalf of代表 warmly热烈地 welcome欢迎 attend参加 the Dragon Boat Festival端午节 celebration庆祝 fall on适逢 May五月 lunar calendar农历 traditional传统的 gather together相聚 aside from除了race比赛 food食物 zongzi粽子 consider考虑到 yearly每年的 reunion团聚 decide决定 hold举行 friendship友谊 special特殊的 participate参与 fill填写 personal个人的 information信息 website网站 activity活动 the Summer Palace颐和园 June六月
四、点评
接收任何邀请，都应有礼貌、准确表达自己的感激，明确显示出你为受到邀请而高兴、热烈等待赴宴日期。如果必须谢却邀请，应十分谨慎，以免冒犯对方，复信语气应十分真诚，表明你非常惋惜。如果实在不能接受邀请，也应说明原因。
五、佳句拓展
1I am counting the days to my weekend with you in Rome.我正在盼望着和你在罗马共度周末。2I am delighted that you have invited me, and I certainly won’t let anything prevent me from coming.你的邀请使我非常高兴，我一定会风雨无阻。3Please remember to your family, and tell them how sorry I am for failing to join them for the weekend.请向您的家人致意，并告诉他们我不能同他们一起过周末非常抱歉。
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