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2021考研英语:阅读理解的解答细节
In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of one’s life.tion and symbolic significance
【解析】本题考查原因细节定位，根据题干找到原文in industrial s
21.The period of adolescence is much longer in industrial societies because ________.
[A] the definition of maturity has changed
[B] the industrialized society is more developed
[C] more education is provided and laws against child labor are made
[D] ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recogniocieties..., the period of adolescence is much longer.定位句中并没有直接出现原因状语，但是在工业社会后出现了后置定语with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor来说明工业社会的特点，正是由于这一特点，所以在工业社会青春期才延长了。该题考查的原因细节的出处是一个介词短语表达的，所以考生要清楚：找原因不一定要出现原因关系词，其他成分在意思上也可以表达出因果关联。
Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status. For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition, the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the educational ambition of the individual.
22.Former social ceremonies that used to mark adolescence have given place to ________.
[A] graduations from schools and colleges
[B] social recognition
[C] socio-economic status
[D] certain behavioral changes
【解析】该题考查对具体细节理解的能力，题干问：之前标志青春期的社会仪式被什么东西取代了?首先要在原文中找到该细节定位处，Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps.原文直接给出的答案是a sequence of steps一系列的步骤，但无直接对应的选项。所以要继续看下一句：For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence。该句通过举例子的形式具体说明小学毕业、中学毕业、大学毕业就是这样的步骤序列。所以答案对应的是A选项。在定位细节的过程中，如果直接定位句没有答案，则要就近读取下一句的信息。
A granted patent is the result of a bargain struck between an inventor and the state, by which the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period terminates.
26. The passage is mainly about_______.
[A] an approach to patents
[B] the application for patents
[C] the use of patents
[D] the access to patents
【解析】这篇英语真题第一个就要求概括文章大意，说明在开头能总结出文章主题，所以我们定位到文章开头句：A granted patent is the result of a bargain struck between an inventor and the state.主语对象是A granted patent一个已经被授权的专利。说明文章是在探讨对于一个已经申请下来的专利接下来会怎样，所以可以排除A和B，它们都在讲专利的申请过程。C和D都是在讲专利的使用，区别在于D选项access to sth表示获取或使用某物的机会和权力。所以D选项更为确切。结合下文by which the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period terminates.发明者通过专利的保护可以获得一段时期的垄断权，在保护期结束后就需要公开其发明的所有细节了。总结概括其中的含义即是在讲专利赋予了发明人什么样的权利和义务。
The longest extension ever granted was to Georges Valensi; his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuitry was extended until 1971 because for most of the patent’s normal life there was no color TV to receive and thus no hope of reward for the invention.
28. George Valensi’s patent lasted until 1971 because_______.
[A] nobody would offer any reward for his patent prior to that time
[B] his patent could not be put to use for an unusually long time
[C] there were not enough TV stations to provide color programmes
[D] the color TV receiver was not available until that time ________.
【解析】题干问GV的专利保护被延长到了1971年，为什么?定位句有直接的原因状语从句，答案既在其中，because for most of the patent’s normal life there was no color TV to receive and thus no hope of reward for the invention。此人在1939年发明了彩色电视机的接收电路，因为这个专利存在的期限内社会上还不存在彩色电视去用他的发明，所以他也无法从该发明中获取利益。对应的选项A和B都有涉及，而找原因一定要找到根本，所以选择A选项。
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