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2020考研英语:备考听力原文精读
Jody Hubbard is a diet and nutrition expert who travels around the state to speak in middle and high schools. She primarily speaks to students in health classes, but sometimes the school will arrange for her to speak to several different groups of girls. Her biggest concern is the emphasis American culture places on thinness and the negative way that affects girls today. Jody has a Ph.D. in nutrition, but, more important, she has personal experience. Her mother taught her to diet when she was only 8 years old. Jody has created several different presentations, which she gives to different types of audiences and she tries to establish an emotional connection with the students so that they will feel comfortable asking questions or talking to her privately. She shows them pictures and images from popular culture of beautiful women and explains how computers are used to make the women look even more thin and "beautiful" than they are in real life. She describes how the definition of beauty has changed over the years and even from culture to culture. She then talks about health issues and the physical damage that can occur as a result of dieting. Finally, she addresses self-respect and the notion that a person's sense of beauty must include more than how much a person weighs. Sometimes Jody feels that she succeeds in persuading some students to stop dieting; other times she feels that she fails.
一、重要单词
1. nutrition [nuˈtrɪʃn] n. 营养,营养学;营养品
“nutrition”在文中指“营养”或“营养学”。认识该单词有利于帮助学生理解文章的核心思想。
2. arrange [əˈreɪndʒ] v. 安排;排列;整理;协商
该单词作为动词意义较多,在本文中指“安排”。同学们需要根据不同的语境合理判断该单词的含义。该单词考频较高。
3. emphasis [ˈemfəsɪs] n. 重点;强调;加强语气
该单词为常考词汇。在学术性议论文中经常出现,往往指“强调”某事。注意和动词“emphasize”区分词性。
4. negative [ˈneɡətɪv] adj. 负的;消极的;否定的 n. 否定;负数 v. 否定;拒绝
这个词在文章作为形容词“消极的”来使用的。往往形容一件事情所带来的负面影响。
5. affects [buːst ] n. 感情 v. 影响;喜欢
affects这个单词很重要。往往可以表达一个事物所产生的影响。具体在文章的含义要结合语境分析。
二、优秀词组
1. more important 更加重要
2. personal experience 个人经验
3. establish an connection with 与…建立联系
4. self-respect 自重,自律
5. succeed in 成功;在…方面成功
三、全文参考翻译
乔迪·哈伯德是一位饮食营养家,她经常到本州各所初高中学校去做演讲。最开始她是在健康课上给学生们讲,但是有时候学校会安排她给几类特殊的女学生讲。她最大的担忧是美国社会对瘦的重视以及这对现在女学生带来的负面影响。乔迪获得了营养学博士学位,但更重要的是她的个人经验。她八岁时母亲就开始让她节食。乔迪制作了好多种不同的演讲稿,分发给不同类型的观众,她努力和学生们建立起情感共鸣,这样她们就可以毫无顾忌地问她问题,和她私下进行交流了。她给学生们看时下流行女性的照片,并向她们解释人们是如何使用电脑处理这些照片使她们看上去比实际生活中更美。她向人们解释美的定义随着时间推移发生了怎样的变化,甚至各个国家的人对美的看法都不同。她还说到了节食会导致的健康问题和身体损伤。最后,她说到了自我尊重,并强调一个人的美感远不止由其体重决定。乔迪有时候感觉自己在说服别人停止节食方面很成功,但是有时候她也会有失败感。
2020考研英语:听力短文的精读
你永远不可能听懂你读不懂的文章,要解决听力问题,首先需要解决阅读问题,今天我们一起来精读2017年六级听力的一篇短文吧!
一、听力原文
Psychological research shows we consistently underestimate our mental powers. If you think this does not apply to you, then here is a simple test to show you’re wrong. Write down the names of all the American states you can remember. Put the list away, and then set yourself the same task a week later. Provided you have not cheated by consulting an atlas, you will notice something rather surprising. The two lists will contain roughly the same number of states, but they will not be identical. Some names will have slipped away, but others will have replaced them. This suggests that somewhere in your mind you may well have a record of virtually every state. So it is not really your memory letting you down, just your ability to retrieve information from it.
We would remember a lot more if we had more confidence in your memories and knew how to use them properly. One useful tip is that things are more likely to be remembered if you are in exactly the same state and place as you were when you learn them. So if you are a student who always reviews over black coffee, perhaps it would be sensible to prime yourself with a cup before the exam. If possible, you should also try to learn information in the room where it is going to be tested.
When you learn is also important. Lots of people swear they can absorb new information more efficiently at some times of the day than at others. Research shows this is not just imagination. There is a biological rhythm for learning, though it affects different people in different ways. For most of us, the best plan is to take in new information in the morning and then try to consolidate it into memory during the afternoon. But this does not apply to everyone, so it is essential to establish your own rhythm. You can do this by learning a set number of lines of poetry at different times of the day, and see when most lines stick. When you have done this, try to organize your life so that the time set aside for learning coincides with the time when your memory is at its best.
Avoid learning marathons—they do not make the best use of your mind. Take plenty of breaks, because they offer a double bonus: the time off gives your mind a chance to do some preliminary consolidation and it also gives a memory boost to the learning.
二、单词积累
1. consistently adv. 一贯地;一致地
2. underestimate v. 低估 (overestimate v. 高估)
3. provided conj. 如果;假如
4. atlas n. 地图册;地图集
5. roughly adv. 大约;大致
6. identical adj. 完全同样的
7. virtually adv. 几乎;差不多
8. sensible adj. 明智的;理智的;合理的 (sensitive adj. 易生气的)
9. prime adj. 主要的;首要的 / n. 盛年 / v. 使(某人)做好准备
10. absorb v. 吸收;理解;掌握
11. consolidate v. 使加强;使巩固
12. marathon n. 马拉松赛跑
13. preliminary adj. 初步的;开始的
三、词组积累
1. apply to 适用于;应用于
2. slip away 悄悄溜走
3. retrieve from 取回;索回
4. biological rhythm 生物节律
5. set aside 省出;抽出
6. coincide with 符合;与……相一致
7. make the best use of 充分利用
四、全文参考翻译
心理学研究表明,我们总是低估自己大脑的能力。如果你认为这并不适用于你,那么这里有一个简单的测试来证明你是错的。写下你能记住的所有美国州的名字。把清单收起来,一周后再给自己设定同样的任务。如果你没有通过查阅地图集作弊,你会注意到一些相当令人惊讶的事情。这两个列表将包含大致相同数量的州的名字,但它们并不完全相同。有些名字会被遗忘,但有其他名字来取代他们的位置。这表明,在你的脑海中,你很可能有几乎所有州的记录。所以并不是你的记忆让你失望,而是你从记忆中获取信息的能力让你失望。
如果我们对你的记忆有更多的信心并且知道如何正确使用它们,我们会记住更多的东西。一个有用的建议是,如果你和你在学习这件事的时候处于完全相同的状态和位置,那么这件事就更有可能被记住。所以,如果你是一个经常喝黑咖啡复习的学生,那么在考试前喝杯咖啡来让自己做好准备可能是明智的。如果可能的话,你也应该试着在将要测试的房间里学习。
什么时候学习也很重要。很多人发誓他们在一天中的某些时候比其他时候能更有效地掌握新信息。研究表明,这不仅仅是想象。学习是有生物节律的,尽管这个节律通过不同的方式影响不同的人。对我们大多数人来说,最好的计划是在早上吸收新信息,然后在下午努力把它巩固到记忆中。但这并不适用于每个人,所以建立自己的节奏很重要。你可以通过在一天的不同时间学习几行诗来看看什么时候大多数诗都能被记下来。当你这样做的时候,试着安排你的生活,以便留出学习的时间与你记忆最好的时候相一致。
避免学习马拉松——它们不能充分利用你的头脑。多休息,因为休息有双重好处:休息能让你的大脑有机会进行一些初步的巩固,也能提高学习的记忆力。
2020考研英语:口语问题的表达技巧
首先,要先确定你的目标院校和目标专业英语口语复试的考察形式--问答方式还是朗读翻译。大部分院校的大部分专业都是以问答方式为主,也就是考官提出一个问题,考生用英语进行作答。这类形式当中有很多常考话题,比如自我介绍,兴趣爱好,性格特征,介绍家乡家庭,介绍本科院校,以及你的研究生规划和职业规划等。还包括很多随机类问题,如当今社会中出现的热点话题以及传统类话题等。那么这些话题我们应该如何准备?从哪个切入点进行作答?最后又该落到什么落脚点上?我们就先来仔细地说一说。
无论对于什么问题,首先,听懂是第一步,但是考官的问题如果很长,语速又很快我们怎么能够听懂呢?其实我们不必把考官问题中的每个单词都听懂,而是能够抓住问题中的关键词即可。比如考官问题为:Would you like to say something about your family?这时我们其实只要能够听懂family,就知道考官问的什么了,作答方向也就确定了--介绍你的家庭。所以我们在听问题时要学会抓取问题中的关键词信息。
那确定了问题之后,我们要从几方面去进行作答呢?首先,不要急于回答问题,最好先说一句“Thank you for your question.”或者“I would like to answer this question.”虽然这句话没有什么实际的意义,但是起到了一个过渡的作用,把考官的问题和你的作答很好的连接在了一起,也可以给你几秒钟的时间去整理答题思路,同时,考官也会觉得这名考生不会很急躁,性格比较沉稳。在此之后,就可以正式进入到作答环节了。在回答任何问题时,要先给出考官你明确的观点句。比如考官问题:What do you usually do on your weekend? 这时你要先给出你的观点,如:I usually read books/do some sports/go travelling. 开门见山的把你的观点陈述出来。接下来就可以开始举例子去进行论证或者列举原因进行阐述,为了能够让大家更好的理解,我们还是以上面的爱好为例,可以举你为什么喜欢这个爱好,这个爱好带给你一些什么好处,比如放松身心relax my physical and mind,缓解压力relieve the pressure等等原因都可以说。但是需要注意的一点就是:举例子的时候例子一定要短小精悍,要能够很好的证明你的观点。
接下来,也是最关键的一点就是,在举例完毕或者原因陈述完毕之后,要把最后的落脚点落在考研上。比如,刚才我们举了兴趣爱好的例子,怎么能够把回答的落脚点落到考研上呢?我们可以这么说:这个爱好也能够让我更好的投入到研究生学习当中,能够帮助我平衡学习上的压力。总之最终能够与考研结合起来就ok了。
最后要有明确的语言表达自己已经回答完了这个问题,比如:That’s all,thank you for your listening.等总结性的语言即可。这样才算是完整的将问题回答完毕。
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