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2021考研英语：阅读理解的做题复习
一、分析阅读文章
我们在独立复习的过程中，首先要按照考试时间要求做完一篇文章，以培养正确的阅读
习惯。然后就要对文章内容进行仔细的分析学习，标记生词，深入分析理解长难句，可以借助译文，对全篇文章内容有一个清楚的把握。总之要做到，文章中无生词无难句。
二、规范做题思路
文章解析之后，还要规范做题思路，(即：依据题干定位，然后回原文做出判断。)把自己的做题思路“代入”到文章中去，深入的思考，比如：出题人为什么会在这个地方出题目而不在其他地方出题目?一般出题的位置都是文章中较重要的位置，像是与主旨有关的地方，与观点有关的句子，及转折处等，都是经常出题的点。
三、分析命题特点
在明确做题思路之后，还需要分析正确选项的特点及错误选项的特点。一般而言，正确选项无非是原文的同义转述，或总结概括，或正话反说。来看一道2000年真题：
If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition—wealth, distinction, control over one’s destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf.
27.It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if________.
[A] its returns well compensate for the sacrifices
[B] it is rewarded with money, fame and power
[C] its goals are spiritual rather than material
[D] it is shared by the rich and the famous
题干问“在什么条件下，野心才能被正确看待?”，而原文给的是“野心要想被正确看待，就必须怎样”，从而确定答案的出处就在后边这句话中the rewards of ambition must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices. 而[A]选项即为原句的同意转述。选出正确选项之后，还要对错误选项进行分析，你会很惊奇的发现：原来每个错误选项的设置都是这么的相似!无外乎偷换概念，范围不当，比较错误，抑或无中生有。待以后再见到类似错误选项的时候你就能看出它的错误“本性”了。
2021考研英语：阅读理解词汇的分析
一、利用例子归纳
As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.
27. The word “gizmos” (Line 1, Paragraph 2) most probably means _______.
[A] programs [B] experts [C] devices [D] creatures
这篇文章让我们猜测gizmos含义，通过后文2、3、4句的举例内容可以看出robot arms, automated teller terminals, robot-drivers这些全是机器装置，所以推测gizmos应该是“装置，设备”的含义，选择[C] devices。利用举例内容推测词义是很重要的一个猜词方法，表示举例的短语有：for example、for instance、such as、as、like等。
二、利用同义词
People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.
37. The word “bummer” most probably means something ______.
[A] religious [B] unpleasant [C] entertaining [D] commercial
这篇文章让我们猜测bummer的含义，可以发现其后有一个信号词too，说明前文出现过和bummer类似的词。追溯前文可以看出前文主要是在讲People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery.核心概念为misery，所以bummer的含义即等于misery，所以选择[B] unpleasant。很多时候，让我们猜测的词义会在前文或后文出现一个同类含义的词，所以大家一定要注意句间关系。
三、利用反义信息
The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.
28. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally”, the author implies that_____.
[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects
[B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties
[C] the town is not really short of money
[D] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid
文章让我们猜测Stratford cries poor traditionally这个短句的含义，根据后文连接词Nevertheless推出前文与后文之间是一种反义关系，而后文一直在讲各种新设施的增加，and will be very expensive，由此可以断定后文强调的是“昂贵”，所以前文的poor应该是[C] the town is not really short of money。有时候，让我们猜测的词义或句意会与前文或后文构成一定的逻辑关系，我们根据这个逻辑关系的正反向就可以推出词句的含义。
2021考研英语：如何准确分析阅读原文?
一、打好词汇基础
词汇的重要性相信已经不言而喻了，在我们做阅读的过程中如果词汇出现了问题，那无疑对于我们整篇文章的理解都会产生巨大的障碍，所以我们在处理阅读文章的时候首先要做的就是解决所有的单词，要注意查出单词的基本意思以及熟词僻意，一定要对单词在文章中的常用词义了如指掌。
二、长难句打基础
考研英语阅读题型难就难在句子。其中，有的阅读段落就是由一整句话组成，因此称它为“长难句”。要想学好长难句，首先是靠词汇的累积，其次是要把逐渐被遗忘的语法好好学习，你可以到市面上买一本专门讲解长难句的辅导书，让自己从入门学起;第三点就是要养成每天练习的习惯，每天一句长难句，自己试着翻译，日积月累的练习就不会在看阅读的时候一头雾水。
三、一个“切”字定乾坤
考研阅读的一大特点就是句子长、段落也长。因此我们要把它切分变短。所谓一个“切”字定乾坤。切分句子要根据语法的规律来，主谓、主谓宾、主谓双宾、主谓宾宾补、主系表，如果我，如果我们能做到每天练习，这样的切分马上就画出来，不会耽误做题时间;其次，段落的切分我们可以根据题干来主导，题干中有时会直接标出第几段，我们就可以将之和原文对应起来，这样就会做到有条不紊，得心应手。
四、放慢速度
考研中有的同学是个急性子，生怕做题时间不够用，因此做起题来总是不能静下心来好好研读。这样的结果就是做着做着就又回到了“幻觉状态”，因为他根本不愿意花时间去原文寻找答案。其实考研英语的时间是很充裕的，平均到每篇阅读能有20分钟的时间，因此同学们在做题中一定要重质量轻速度。
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