词序是高考试题中常考的内容,同时也是中学教材的重点和难点。为便于同学们复习,下面我们把高考中 所出现的各种词序题归类简析如下:
一、短语动词中宾语的位置
(79met). if you don't know the word, why don't you______in the dictionary.
(a)look at it (b)look after it
(c)look up it (d)look it up
析:答案为d。其意指“查(字典等)”,a意为“看”,b 意为“照顾”均不符题意,故排除。由动词加 副词构成的短语,其宾语是名词时,宾语可放在整个短语后面,也可插在动词与副词之间,但宾语是代词时, 代词宾语只能插在动词与副词之间。
试题选练:(画线项为答案,下同)
(83met).if you are at home this evening, i'll________.
(a)ring you on (b)ring upon you
(c)ring to you (d)ring you up
──────-
(78met).i need a day or two________
(a)to think it over
──────────
(b)to think over it
(c)of thinking
二、虚拟语气省略if时的词序
(95上海).______ for the free tickets, i would not havegone to the films so often.
(a)if it is not
(b)were it not
(c)had it not been
(d)if they were not
析:答案为c。这是一个与过去相反的虚拟条件从句的省略形式,当从句中的if省略时,从句要用倒装句。 这类倒装句只需将助动词、情态动词或系动词提至主语前即可。常见句式更换如下:
a.与现在相反:if i were you (=were i you) , i would go
──with him.
b.与过去相反:if i had had time then (=had i had time
──then), i would have gone with you.
c.与将来相反:if i were to visit/should visit/visited the great wall tomorrow, (=were i to /should i visit the great
── ───wall tomorrow), i would take my son with me.
注意:在否定句中not不可提至主语前,如:
(误)weren't i here now, i would be in the bus.
────
(正)were i not here now, i would be in the bus.
──
试题选练:(94上海).______ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the y angpu bridge.
(a)were (b)should
────
(c)would (d)will
_______ your letter, i would have written back two daysago.
(a)if i received
(b)should ireceive
(c)had i received
────────
(d)if i could have received
三、否定词放在句首时的词序
(91met)"do you know jim quarrelled with his brother?" "i don't know,_____
(a)nor don't i care
(b)nor do i care
(c)i don't care neither
(d)i don't care also
析:答案为b。a项多了not,c项、d项分别要改neither、 also 为either。否定词作状语放在句首时要用 倒装句,倒装句只需将情态动词、助动词、系动词be提至主语首即可(见例2)。 实意动词的倒装要在主语前 面加助动词 do,does,did等,此时谓语动词要用动词原形(见例1)。常见的否定词或结构有:neither/nor /never/hardly/ little/seldom/ scarcely/ barely/ not until/no sooner than/hardly when/not only…b ut also/at no time/not once/by no means
例:1.little did einstein care for money.
──
2.by no means( never/at no time) will china besuperpowers.
───
试题选练:(85met). "did you enjoy that trip? " "i'mafraid not. and_______."
(a)my classmates don't either
(b)my classmates don't too
(c)neither do my classmates
(d)neither did my classmates
─────────────
(90met).not until i began to work _______how much time i had wasted.
(a)didn't i realize (b)did i realize
───────
(c)i didn't realize (d)i realize
(95nmet).not until all the fish died in the river____how serious the pollution was.
(a)did the villagers realize
─────────────
(b)the villagers realize
(c)the villagers did realize
(d)didn't the villagers realize
(91上海).not only____ polluted but ____ crowded.
(a)was the city, were the streets
(b)the city was, were the streets
(c)was the city, the streets were
───────────────
(d)the city was, the streets were
(94上海).little ____ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.
(a)does he care (b)did he care
───────
(c)he cares (d)he cared
四、so…that放在句首时的词序
(92上海). so ______ that no fish can live in it.
(a)the lake is shallow
(b)shallow the lake is
(c)shallow is the lake
(d)is the lake shallow
析:答案为c。在so…that句型中,当so 后的部分提到句首时要用部分倒装。如:
so hard does he study that he is sure to succeed.
───────
试题选练:so excited _____ that he couldn't speak a word.
(a)he gets (b)he got
(c)does he get (d)did he get
──────
五、so含“也”意时的词序
(87met).john won first prize in the contest. ______.
(a)so he did (b)so did he
(c)so he did, too (d)so did he, too.
(79met). i like sports and ______ my brother
(a)so does (b)so is
────
(c)so (d)so like
-i like playing football. -_______.
(a)so you do (b)so do you
(c)you do so (d)so did you
析:答案分别为a、a.so开头的句子, 如果是重复前面一句话的部分内容,该内容也适合另一人,物。要 用倒装(但谓语要与前句谓语时态,形式一致)。此时两句中的主语不可是同一人或物。如:
he has got up, so have i.
── ──
you are honest, so am i, so are all of us.
── ── ──
但so开头的句子,如果是重复前面一句话的意见,表示对别人说的话加以肯定,语序不必倒装。此时两句 的主语常常是同一人或物。如:
he asked me to support him, so i did.
──
i have passed the maths exam. so you have.
──
六、as引导让步状语从句时的词序
(85met)._____ , he doesn't study well.
(a)as he is clever (b)he is as clever
(c)clever as he is (d)as clever he is
析:答案为c。as引导让步状语时要将句中作表语的形容词、 名词(前面不可用冠词)、作状语的副词或 部分谓语动词提至as(though)前。
child (young) as she is, she knows a lot.
───────
fast as you run, i can catch you easily.
──
try as you might, you are sure to fail again.
──
试题选练:_____ the dictionary, he could not afford to buy it.
(a)much as he liked
─────────
(b)liked as he
(c)he liked very much
(d)as he liked much
七、多个形容词排列时的词序
(95nmet). "how was your recent visit to qingdao?"
"it was great. we visited some friends, and spent the ____ days at the seaside."
(a)few last sunny
(b)last few sunny
(c)last sunny few
(d)few sunny last
析:答案为b,此题考测多个形容词或修饰语并列时的位置问题。
多个修饰语并列修饰一个名词时的位置规则为:
a)限定词如:a, the, all, many, little, first, last, these, this等。(如有数词同时出现时,序 数词在前,基数词在后。)
b)描绘性形容词如大小,长短,高低,新旧,颜色,国籍, 材料,用途,类别等。同类形容词排列时短 的在前,长的在后。如:he isa kind honest old man.(限定+短性质+长性质+年龄) ── ─── ─ ─
this useless old geography book doesn't belong me.(限定+
── ─── ─ ────性质+新旧+种类)
my house is furnished with three comfortable dark brown
─── ────── ── ──chairs.(数词+性质+短颜色+长颜色 )
试题选练:(93nmet).tony is going camping with ____ boys.
(a)little two other
(b)two little other
(c)two other little
─────────
(d)little other two
when i was a child, my grandmother told me ____ stories.
(a)many such funny
────────
(b)such many funny
(c)many funny such
(d)funny many such
he saw nothing but a _______ table in the farm house.
(a)round small wooden
(b)small round wooden
──────────
(c)round wooden small
(d)small wooden round
the ______ bridge in our village was built scores of years ago.
(a)a stone old fine
(b)an old stone fine
(c)a fine old stone
─────────
(d)an old fine stone
these are his cousin's first two ______ paintings.
(a)little red french interesting oil
(b)interesting little red french oil
─────────────────
(c)interesting french little red oil
(d)little red intersting oil french
八:词序不同意义不同的词
(95上海).it was_____ late to catch a bus after the party, therefore we called a taxi.
(a)too very (b)much too
(c)too much (d)far
析:答案为b。b是个副词词组,只修饰形容词或副词以加强语气。可作形容词修饰名词,也可作名词充当 主语,宾语等成分。 a 中 toovery不能连用。d不能修饰原级形容词故排除。常见的词序不同、 意义不同的词 组有:in all 总共/all in 疲倦, in hand 在手中/hand in 上交,turn in 上交/in turn轮流、排队, from far来自远方/far from 离得远、远非,for good永远/ good for对…有好处,allfor都赞成/for a ll尽管…,much too太,过于,修饰形容词或副词/too much太多,充当名词或修饰名词,if only 要是(常 与虚拟语气连用)/only if 只有(引导条件从句),long before 很久以前/before long不久以后。
试题选练:i knew you ____ i knew john.
(a)before long (b)long before
(c)long ago (d)after long
_____ you try your best to prepare your lessons well willyou be able to pass the exam.
(a)if only (b)only if
────
(c)long before (d)before long
九、作定语后置时的情况:
(93nmet). "mum, i think i'm ______ to get back to school."
"not really, my dear, you'd better stay at home for another day or two."
(a)so well (b)so good
(c)well enough (d)good enough
析:此题答案为c。根据题意只能选well 意指“健康”。enough修饰形容词或副词时要放在所修饰的词的 后面。修饰名词时可置于名词前后。如:
we haven't enough time (or: time enough) to lose.
─── ───
常见的几种修饰语后置的情况有:
1)形容词修饰something, nothing, anything, everything 等不定代词时要后置。 present作“出席的 ”之意时,要放在所修饰词后。如:
i have nothing new to tell you. the people present areworkers. ──
───
2)副词或介词短语作定语时要后置。如:
the man upstairs (in charge of the factory) often comes
────────────────── home very late.
3)以a开头的表语形容词如alive, asleep, awake, alone 等作定语时要后置。如:
do you know the greatest poet alive in your country?
───
4)非谓语动词作定语时,定语要后置。如:
the building built last year/being built now/to be built
──── ────── next year will be equipped with co mputers.
试题选练:(89met).there was a terrible noise _____ thesudden burst of light.
(a)followed (b)following
─────
(c)to be followed (d)being followed
(87met).most of the people _____ to the party were famous scientists.
(a)invited (b)to invite
────
(c)being invited (d)inviting
十、only+状语放在句首时的词序:
(90上海). only by practising a few hours every day_____be able to master the language.
(a)you can (b)can you
(c)you will (d)will you
析:答案为c。由“only +状语”引起的强调句放在句首时要用倒装结构,此结构只需把助动词、情态动 词或系动词be提至主语前即可,故排除a、c。b中的can与be able to 意义重复故也排除。
试题选练:(84met).only in this way _______ progress in your english.
(a)you make
(b)can you make
──────
(c)you be able to make
(d)will you able to make
(86上海). only when the war was over in 1945_____ to geta college education.
(a)he was able (b)he is able
(c)was he able (d)is he able
十一、副词、介词短语放在句首时的词序:
______ from the north to the south in winter.
(a)away do some birds fly
(b)away do a few animals run
(c)away fly some birds
(d)away run all the animals
析:答案为c。某些副词如here、there、up、down、in、out 等以及介词短语放在句首引起的倒装句(不 可用助动词)要注意如下三点:
a.主语是名词时(用完全倒装)把动词提至主语前:here ( in)came a lady.── ───
b. 主语是代词时(用部分倒装)只将上述副词提至主语前即可:here(in)he come.
─ ──
c. 介词短语放在句首时要用全部倒装, 即动词提至主语前:infront of the farmhouse sat a small
boy who was cutting a cane.
── ──── ─
试题选练: _____ who had caught him three times for stealing bikes.
(a)before george stood the policeman
─────────────────
(b)before george the policeman stood
(c)the policeman stood before george
(d)before the policeman stood george
____ from the 11th floor when the policeman pointed his gun at him.
(a)down jumped the murderer
─────────────
(b)down the murderer jumped
(c)down jumped he
(d)jumped down he
十二、宾语从句的词序
(91nmet). no one can be sure ______ in a million years .
(a)what man will look like
(b)what will man look like
(c)man will look like what
(d)what look will man like
析:此题答案为a。连接代词who, which, what等和连接副词why,where, when等引导的名词性从句,从句 的语序要用陈述句语序。b、 c、d均属词序错误故排除。
试题选练:(89met).these photographs will show you______.
(a)what does our village look like
(b)what our village looks like
──────────────
(c)how does our village look like
(d)how our village looks like
(90nmet).can you make sure_____the gold ring?
(a)where alice had put
(b)where had alice put
(c)where alice has put
──────────
(d)where has alice put
(92nmet).he asked _______ for the violin.
(a)did i pay how much
(b)i paid how much
(c)how much did i pay
(d)how much i paid
────────
十三、不定冠词的位置
(84met).he is ______ teacher that all of us like him.
(a)a such good (b)such good a
(c)a so good (d)so good a
析:答案为d。a、b中冠词的位置应放在such之后。c中冠词应放在good之后。当so…that与不定冠词a/a n连用时,冠司a/an要直接放在名词之前。类似结构有too/rather/quite+adj+a/an+名词。
he is so clever a boy that we all like him. =he is such a
───clever boy that we all like him.
如果此句改为复数时,只可用such…that,如:
they are such clever boys that we all like them.
────────
试题选练:(93上海)._______ box cannot be lifted by a boy of five.
(a)so a heavy (b)so heavy a
─────
(c)a such heavy (d)such heavy a
十四、how和however+形容词、副词时的词序
(97nmet)._________,mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
(a)however late is he
(b)however he is late
(c)however is he late
(d)however late he is
析:答案选d。当how或however修饰形容词、副词时, 要把被修饰的词带走。故排除 b、c。从句部分不可 用倒装句,故 a也排除。如:i don't know how hard the problem is.
────
it's useless however hard you try.
──────
试题选练:
(95nmet). if we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, ________
great it is.
(a)what (b)how
(c)however (d)whatever
(94上海).you can't imagine ______ when they receivedthese nice christmas presents.
(a)how they were excited
(b)how excited they were
───────────
(c)how excited were they
(d)they were how excited
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