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2012高考英语冲刺:各种词序题归类简析

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2012-04-25 11:33

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  词序是高考试题中常考的内容,同时也是中学教材的重点和难点。为便于同学们复习,下面我们把高考中 所出现的各种词序题归类简析如下:

  一、短语动词中宾语的位置

  (79met). if you don't know the word, why don't you______in the dictionary.

  (a)look at it (b)look after it

  (c)look up it (d)look it up

  析:答案为d。其意指“查(字典等)”,a意为“看”,b 意为“照顾”均不符题意,故排除。由动词加 副词构成的短语,其宾语是名词时,宾语可放在整个短语后面,也可插在动词与副词之间,但宾语是代词时, 代词宾语只能插在动词与副词之间。

  试题选练:(画线项为答案,下同)

  (83met).if you are at home this evening, i'll________.

  (a)ring you on (b)ring upon you

  (c)ring to you (d)ring you up

  ──────-

  (78met).i need a day or two________

  (a)to think it over

  ──────────

  (b)to think over it

  (c)of thinking

  二、虚拟语气省略if时的词序

  (95上海).______ for the free tickets, i would not havegone to the films so often.

  (a)if it is not

  (b)were it not

  (c)had it not been

  (d)if they were not

  析:答案为c。这是一个与过去相反的虚拟条件从句的省略形式,当从句中的if省略时,从句要用倒装句。 这类倒装句只需将助动词、情态动词或系动词提至主语前即可。常见句式更换如下:

  a.与现在相反:if i were you (=were i you) , i would go

  ──with him.

  b.与过去相反:if i had had time then (=had i had time

  ──then), i would have gone with you.

  c.与将来相反:if i were to visit/should visit/visited the great wall tomorrow, (=were i to /should i visit the great

  ── ───wall tomorrow), i would take my son with me.

  注意:在否定句中not不可提至主语前,如:

  (误)weren't i here now, i would be in the bus.

  ────

  (正)were i not here now, i would be in the bus.

  ──

  试题选练:(94上海).______ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the y angpu bridge.

  (a)were (b)should

  ────

  (c)would (d)will

  _______ your letter, i would have written back two daysago.

  (a)if i received

  (b)should ireceive

  (c)had i received

  ────────

  (d)if i could have received

  三、否定词放在句首时的词序

  (91met)"do you know jim quarrelled with his brother?" "i don't know,_____

  (a)nor don't i care

  (b)nor do i care

  (c)i don't care neither

  (d)i don't care also

  析:答案为b。a项多了not,c项、d项分别要改neither、 also 为either。否定词作状语放在句首时要用 倒装句,倒装句只需将情态动词、助动词、系动词be提至主语首即可(见例2)。 实意动词的倒装要在主语前 面加助动词 do,does,did等,此时谓语动词要用动词原形(见例1)。常见的否定词或结构有:neither/nor /never/hardly/ little/seldom/ scarcely/ barely/ not until/no sooner than/hardly when/not only…b ut also/at no time/not once/by no means

  例:1.little did einstein care for money.

  ──

  2.by no means( never/at no time) will china besuperpowers.

  ───

  试题选练:(85met). "did you enjoy that trip? " "i'mafraid not. and_______."

  (a)my classmates don't either

  (b)my classmates don't too

  (c)neither do my classmates

  (d)neither did my classmates

  ─────────────

  (90met).not until i began to work _______how much time i had wasted.

  (a)didn't i realize (b)did i realize

  ───────

  (c)i didn't realize (d)i realize

  (95nmet).not until all the fish died in the river____how serious the pollution was.

  (a)did the villagers realize

  ─────────────

  (b)the villagers realize

  (c)the villagers did realize

  (d)didn't the villagers realize

  (91上海).not only____ polluted but ____ crowded.

  (a)was the city, were the streets

  (b)the city was, were the streets

  (c)was the city, the streets were

  ───────────────

  (d)the city was, the streets were

  (94上海).little ____ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.

  (a)does he care (b)did he care

  ───────

  (c)he cares (d)he cared

  四、so…that放在句首时的词序

  (92上海). so ______ that no fish can live in it.

  (a)the lake is shallow

  (b)shallow the lake is

  (c)shallow is the lake

  (d)is the lake shallow

  析:答案为c。在so…that句型中,当so 后的部分提到句首时要用部分倒装。如:

  so hard does he study that he is sure to succeed.

  ───────

  试题选练:so excited _____ that he couldn't speak a word.

  (a)he gets (b)he got

  (c)does he get (d)did he get

  ──────

  五、so含“也”意时的词序

  (87met).john won first prize in the contest. ______.

  (a)so he did (b)so did he

  (c)so he did, too (d)so did he, too.

  (79met). i like sports and ______ my brother

  (a)so does (b)so is

  ────

  (c)so (d)so like

  -i like playing football. -_______.

  (a)so you do (b)so do you

  (c)you do so (d)so did you

  析:答案分别为a、a.so开头的句子, 如果是重复前面一句话的部分内容,该内容也适合另一人,物。要 用倒装(但谓语要与前句谓语时态,形式一致)。此时两句中的主语不可是同一人或物。如:

  he has got up, so have i.

  ── ──

  you are honest, so am i, so are all of us.

  ── ── ──

  但so开头的句子,如果是重复前面一句话的意见,表示对别人说的话加以肯定,语序不必倒装。此时两句 的主语常常是同一人或物。如:

  he asked me to support him, so i did.

  ──

  i have passed the maths exam. so you have.

  ──

  六、as引导让步状语从句时的词序

  (85met)._____ , he doesn't study well.

  (a)as he is clever (b)he is as clever

  (c)clever as he is (d)as clever he is

  析:答案为c。as引导让步状语时要将句中作表语的形容词、 名词(前面不可用冠词)、作状语的副词或 部分谓语动词提至as(though)前。

  child (young) as she is, she knows a lot.

  ───────

  fast as you run, i can catch you easily.

  ──

  try as you might, you are sure to fail again.

  ──

  试题选练:_____ the dictionary, he could not afford to buy it.

  (a)much as he liked

  ─────────

  (b)liked as he

  (c)he liked very much

  (d)as he liked much

  七、多个形容词排列时的词序

  (95nmet). "how was your recent visit to qingdao?"

  "it was great. we visited some friends, and spent the ____ days at the seaside."

  (a)few last sunny

  (b)last few sunny

  (c)last sunny few

  (d)few sunny last

  析:答案为b,此题考测多个形容词或修饰语并列时的位置问题。

  多个修饰语并列修饰一个名词时的位置规则为:

  a)限定词如:a, the, all, many, little, first, last, these, this等。(如有数词同时出现时,序 数词在前,基数词在后。)

  b)描绘性形容词如大小,长短,高低,新旧,颜色,国籍, 材料,用途,类别等。同类形容词排列时短 的在前,长的在后。如:he isa kind honest old man.(限定+短性质+长性质+年龄) ── ─── ─ ─

  this useless old geography book doesn't belong me.(限定+

  ── ─── ─ ────性质+新旧+种类)

  my house is furnished with three comfortable dark brown

  ─── ────── ── ──chairs.(数词+性质+短颜色+长颜色 )

  试题选练:(93nmet).tony is going camping with ____ boys.

  (a)little two other

  (b)two little other

  (c)two other little

  ─────────

  (d)little other two

  when i was a child, my grandmother told me ____ stories.

  (a)many such funny

  ────────

  (b)such many funny

  (c)many funny such

  (d)funny many such

  he saw nothing but a _______ table in the farm house.

  (a)round small wooden

  (b)small round wooden

  ──────────

  (c)round wooden small

  (d)small wooden round

  the ______ bridge in our village was built scores of years ago.

  (a)a stone old fine

  (b)an old stone fine

  (c)a fine old stone

  ─────────

  (d)an old fine stone

  these are his cousin's first two ______ paintings.

  (a)little red french interesting oil

  (b)interesting little red french oil

  ─────────────────

  (c)interesting french little red oil

  (d)little red intersting oil french

  八:词序不同意义不同的词

  (95上海).it was_____ late to catch a bus after the party, therefore we called a taxi.

  (a)too very (b)much too

  (c)too much (d)far

  析:答案为b。b是个副词词组,只修饰形容词或副词以加强语气。可作形容词修饰名词,也可作名词充当 主语,宾语等成分。 a 中 toovery不能连用。d不能修饰原级形容词故排除。常见的词序不同、 意义不同的词 组有:in all 总共/all in 疲倦, in hand 在手中/hand in 上交,turn in 上交/in turn轮流、排队, from far来自远方/far from 离得远、远非,for good永远/ good for对…有好处,allfor都赞成/for a ll尽管…,much too太,过于,修饰形容词或副词/too much太多,充当名词或修饰名词,if only 要是(常 与虚拟语气连用)/only if 只有(引导条件从句),long before 很久以前/before long不久以后。

  试题选练:i knew you ____ i knew john.

  (a)before long (b)long before

  (c)long ago (d)after long

  _____ you try your best to prepare your lessons well willyou be able to pass the exam.

  (a)if only (b)only if

  ────

  (c)long before (d)before long

  九、作定语后置时的情况:

  (93nmet). "mum, i think i'm ______ to get back to school."

  "not really, my dear, you'd better stay at home for another day or two."

  (a)so well (b)so good

  (c)well enough (d)good enough

  析:此题答案为c。根据题意只能选well 意指“健康”。enough修饰形容词或副词时要放在所修饰的词的 后面。修饰名词时可置于名词前后。如:

  we haven't enough time (or: time enough) to lose.

  ─── ───

  常见的几种修饰语后置的情况有:

  1)形容词修饰something, nothing, anything, everything 等不定代词时要后置。 present作“出席的 ”之意时,要放在所修饰词后。如:

  i have nothing new to tell you. the people present areworkers. ──

  ───

  2)副词或介词短语作定语时要后置。如:

  the man upstairs (in charge of the factory) often comes

  ────────────────── home very late.

  3)以a开头的表语形容词如alive, asleep, awake, alone 等作定语时要后置。如:

  do you know the greatest poet alive in your country?

  ───

  4)非谓语动词作定语时,定语要后置。如:

  the building built last year/being built now/to be built

  ──── ────── next year will be equipped with co mputers.

  试题选练:(89met).there was a terrible noise _____ thesudden burst of light.

  (a)followed (b)following

  ─────

  (c)to be followed (d)being followed

  (87met).most of the people _____ to the party were famous scientists.

  (a)invited (b)to invite

  ────

  (c)being invited (d)inviting

  十、only+状语放在句首时的词序:

  (90上海). only by practising a few hours every day_____be able to master the language.

  (a)you can (b)can you

  (c)you will (d)will you

  析:答案为c。由“only +状语”引起的强调句放在句首时要用倒装结构,此结构只需把助动词、情态动 词或系动词be提至主语前即可,故排除a、c。b中的can与be able to 意义重复故也排除。

  试题选练:(84met).only in this way _______ progress in your english.

  (a)you make

  (b)can you make

  ──────

  (c)you be able to make

  (d)will you able to make

  (86上海). only when the war was over in 1945_____ to geta college education.

  (a)he was able (b)he is able

  (c)was he able (d)is he able

  十一、副词、介词短语放在句首时的词序:

  ______ from the north to the south in winter.

  (a)away do some birds fly

  (b)away do a few animals run

  (c)away fly some birds

  (d)away run all the animals

  析:答案为c。某些副词如here、there、up、down、in、out 等以及介词短语放在句首引起的倒装句(不 可用助动词)要注意如下三点:

  a.主语是名词时(用完全倒装)把动词提至主语前:here ( in)came a lady.── ───

  b. 主语是代词时(用部分倒装)只将上述副词提至主语前即可:here(in)he come.

  ─ ──

  c. 介词短语放在句首时要用全部倒装, 即动词提至主语前:infront of the farmhouse sat a small

  boy who was cutting a cane.

  ── ──── ─

  试题选练: _____ who had caught him three times for stealing bikes.

  (a)before george stood the policeman

  ─────────────────

  (b)before george the policeman stood

  (c)the policeman stood before george

  (d)before the policeman stood george

  ____ from the 11th floor when the policeman pointed his gun at him.

  (a)down jumped the murderer

  ─────────────

  (b)down the murderer jumped

  (c)down jumped he

  (d)jumped down he

  十二、宾语从句的词序

  (91nmet). no one can be sure ______ in a million years .

  (a)what man will look like

  (b)what will man look like

  (c)man will look like what

  (d)what look will man like

  析:此题答案为a。连接代词who, which, what等和连接副词why,where, when等引导的名词性从句,从句 的语序要用陈述句语序。b、 c、d均属词序错误故排除。

  试题选练:(89met).these photographs will show you______.

  (a)what does our village look like

  (b)what our village looks like

  ──────────────

  (c)how does our village look like

  (d)how our village looks like

  (90nmet).can you make sure_____the gold ring?

  (a)where alice had put

  (b)where had alice put

  (c)where alice has put

  ──────────

  (d)where has alice put

  (92nmet).he asked _______ for the violin.

  (a)did i pay how much

  (b)i paid how much

  (c)how much did i pay

  (d)how much i paid

  ────────

  十三、不定冠词的位置

  (84met).he is ______ teacher that all of us like him.

  (a)a such good (b)such good a

  (c)a so good (d)so good a

  析:答案为d。a、b中冠词的位置应放在such之后。c中冠词应放在good之后。当so…that与不定冠词a/a n连用时,冠司a/an要直接放在名词之前。类似结构有too/rather/quite+adj+a/an+名词。

  he is so clever a boy that we all like him. =he is such a

  ───clever boy that we all like him.

  如果此句改为复数时,只可用such…that,如:

  they are such clever boys that we all like them.

  ────────

  试题选练:(93上海)._______ box cannot be lifted by a boy of five.

  (a)so a heavy (b)so heavy a

  ─────

  (c)a such heavy (d)such heavy a

  十四、how和however+形容词、副词时的词序

  (97nmet)._________,mother will wait for him to have dinner together.

  (a)however late is he

  (b)however he is late

  (c)however is he late

  (d)however late he is

  析:答案选d。当how或however修饰形容词、副词时, 要把被修饰的词带走。故排除 b、c。从句部分不可 用倒装句,故 a也排除。如:i don't know how hard the problem is.

  ────

  it's useless however hard you try.

  ──────

  试题选练:

  (95nmet). if we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, ________

  great it is.

  (a)what (b)how

  (c)however (d)whatever

  (94上海).you can't imagine ______ when they receivedthese nice christmas presents.

  (a)how they were excited

  (b)how excited they were

  ───────────

  (c)how excited were they

  (d)they were how excited


 


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