中考英语易错题(6)
湖北省宜昌市第五中学 葛 林
1. both
[误]They both are students.
[正]They are both students.
[误]They refuse both to answer this question.
[正]They both refuse to answer this question.
[析]both作同位语时，一般要用在be动词之后实意动词之前。
[误]I know his both parents.
[正]I know both his parents.
[误]The both brothers were students.
[正]Both the brothers were students.
[正]Both brothers were students.
[析]当both与形容词性物主代词my，his，her等以及定冠词the连用时，都应将这些词置于both之后。另外，在与定冠词连用时the可以省略。
[误]Both of my parents are not at home.
[正]Neither of my parents are at home.
[误]Both of your answers are not right.
[正]Neither of your answers is right.
[正]Both your answers are wrong.
[析]both不能用于否定句中作主语。表示“两者都不”时要用neither;但作宾语时both与either则都对，但要注意句意有所不同。例如：I can not give both of the books to you.(我不能将两本书全给你。)而I can not give either of the books to you.(两本书中哪本书也不能给你。)
2. bring
[误]Please bring this dictionary to Mr Brown.
[正]Please take this dictionary to Mr Brown.
[误]Next time, please take your little sister here.
[正]Next time, please bring your little sister here.
[析]英语中bring是“带来”，而take是“带走”。还有一个词fetch, 表示“到某处去把某物取、接回来”。如：Please fetch the doctor at once.
3. business
[误]My father went to Shanghai for business.
[正]My father went to Shanghai on business.
[析]on business出差
4. busy
[误]The students were very busy to prepare for the exam.
[正]The students were very busy preparing for the exam.
[析]be busy doing something为“忙于作某事”。
[误]The students were busy for the exam.
[正]The students were busy with the exam.
[析]busy直接接名词时应用with。
5. but
[误]He couldn't help but realizing that he was wrong.
[正]He couldn't help but realize that he was wrong.
[误]She couldn't help to cry when she saw her mother.
[正]She couldn't help crying when she saw her mother.
[析]couldn't help其后应接动名词，表示情不自禁的动作，但couldn't help but后面要加动词原形即省to的不定式，所以前一句应译为“他才真正认识到他错了。”
6. buy
[误]I have bought this dictionary for three years.
[正]I have had this dictionary for three years.
[析]buy是截止性(即瞬间)动词，它可以有完成时，如：I have bought this dictionary. 但是不能与表示较长的时间状语连用。如要讲我这本字典已买了3年了则要用have had这一结构即我拥有这本字典已3年了。
7. by
[误]The boy shot the cat by a gun.
[正]The boy shot the cat with a gun.
[误]He came to school by a taxi this morning.
[正]He came to school by taxi this morning.
[析]作为某种运输手段来讲，by与名词间不能有冠词，如：by car，by bike，by air等。如有了冠词或其他修饰词，则应用别的相应的介词，如：“我们今天早上是乘他的车来的”一句应译为：We came here in his car this morning. 与by结合而成的词组很多，常用的有：by the way顺便说说;by hand手工制作;by oneself独自地;by no means决不。
8. call
[误]I'll call at Mr Brown.
[正]I'll call on Mr Brown.
[误]I'll call on Mr Brown's home.
[正]I'll call at Mr Brown's home.
[析]作“拜访”讲时，at后面接访问地点，而on后面接访问的人。
call on, drop in, visit
call on比较正式的为公务的访问，如：We were called on by the old students. 而drop in则是比较随便的走走，顺便拜访，如：If you're free, drop in. 而visit则是更正式的外交访问或友好往来，如：My school's headmaster will visit America next week.
9. can
[误]A blind man can not judge colours.
[正]A blind man cannot judge colours.
[误]I cann't call for you at ten.
[正]I can't call for you at ten.
[析]can的否定形式应为cannot或can't.
[误]It's only six o'clock. That mustn't be the postman.
[正]It's only six o'clock. That can't be the postman.
[析] must用来表示一种肯定的推断，如：She must have some problems. She keeps crying. 但在否定句中则要用can't，要表示对过去的推测则要用“must + have +过去分词”的表达法，如：The lights have gone out. A fuse must have blown. 而对过去的否定推测则多用“can't + have + 过去分词”，如：I don't think he can have heard you. Call again.
[误]We could not help to laugh at once.
[正]We could not help laughing at once.
[正]We could not help but laugh at once.
[析] “couldn't help + 动名词”表示禁不住做了某事。但could not help but与could not but后面要加不带to的不定式，意思都是不得不去做某事.如：You could not (help) but respect him.
can, be able to
can与be able to都可以用来表示能力，但can只有现在时与过去时，be able to则可用任何时态，如：He will be able to teach the child. 但要表示经过努力而达到的一次性动作则只能用be able to，如：He finally was able to jump over 210 meters. 或：The plane was able to fly over the mountain. 但要注意的是这两个词都没有进行时态，而be able to后面不接不定式的被动态。
can, could
can与could都可以用在现在时的口语中，只是用could更为礼貌，语气更委婉。如：Could you tell us a story?
10. care
[误]I don't care coffee.
[正]I don't care for coffee.
[误]Take care for your steps.
[正]Take care of your steps.
[析] care for是“对某物感兴趣”，而care of是“关心，要当心某事”，如：She didn't care for him. Take care of what you are doing.
[误]I don't care where we will go if it doesn't rain.
[正]I don't care where we go if it doesn't rain.
[析]在it doesn't matter，I don't care，I don't mind，及in case引出的状语从句后面要用现在时表示将来。如：I've got a football in case we have time for a game.
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