中考英语易错题(18)
湖北省宜昌市第五中学 葛 林
1. last
[误]This is the newest news.
[正]This is the latest news.
[析]“最新消息”应为latest news，因为最晚到的新闻才是最新消息，请注意英语与汉语的区别。
last, the last
[误]I saw my brother the last week.
[正]I saw my brother last week.
[析]当谈到与目前有关的上月、上星期等概念时只能用last month, last week, 而不能加定冠词，the last可用于表示一系列词的最后一个，如：That was the last Christmas I spent at home. 但the last可以用来表示持续到现在的一个长时期，如：I am busy for the last week.
2. late
[误]Yesterday I went home lately.
[正]Yesterday I went home late.
[析]late既可作形容词又可作副词;而lately则意为“最近的”，如：I haven't seen her lately.
late, latter, later, lately
late有两个比较级，指时间较晚应用later，如口语中常讲：See you later.(一会见。)而latter则指按顺序讲的后者，或靠后的，其反意词为former，如：the former president(前总统)。又如：I can understand the latter part of the story. 而lately则意为“近来”、“不久前”。
3. lay
[误]We lied on the beach.
[正]We lay on the beach.
[析]英文中有三个动词易混，在考试中也频频出现，它们的现在式、过去式、过去分词以及现在分词是：
lay ( vt. 放) laid, laid, laying
lie ( vi. 躺) lay, lain cying
lie ( vi. .说谎) lied lied lying
4. learn
[误]The teacher said: "You must study this poem by heart."
[正]The teacher said: "You must learn this poem by heart."
[析]study与learn在作“学习”讲时，常常可以互换，但learn侧重于学习成果或初级阶段的模仿性学习，如：The little baby is learning to walk. 而study则多侧重于学习的过程，如：I'm studying at this college. 而learn … by heart则是“记住”、“背诵”之意。
5. leave
[误]I'll leave Beijing to Shanghai.
[正]I'll leave Beijing for Shanghai.
[析]leave for一词组为“去某地”，如对话中常讲I'll leave for Shanghai. 因所离开的地点是双方都知道的则可以省略。
leave, forget
[误]I've forgotten my homework at home.
[正]I've forgotten my homework.
[正]I've left my homework at home.
[析]如果句中有地点状语则不要用forget, 而要用leave.
6. lesson
[误]I have two lessons of English.
[正]I have two English lessons.
[正]I have two lessons in English.
[析]“我有两节英语课。”这一表达法如上，但美国老师讲他有两节课时则多用“I have two classes.”teach somebody a lesson 为“教训某人”，或“要吸取教训”，如：Let this thing teaches you a lesson.
7. lend
[误]Please borrow me your bike.
[正]Please lend me your bike.
[析]borrow是指“借入”，如：I want to borrow some books from the library. lend 是“借出”，如：I can lend you my bike. 而keep为“借多久”，如 How long can I keep it?
8. less
[误]He has fewer money than she has.
[正]He has less money than she has.
[析]less是little的比较级，而fewer是few的比较级。要注意前者修饰不可数名词，而后者修饰可数名词。
9. let
[误]The teacher lets the students clean the classroom as a punishment.
[正]The teacher makes the students clean the classroom as a punishment.
[析]虽然let, have, make有相同的用法，但make和have含有迫使某人做某事的意思。
[误]Let's go to the park, will you?
[正]Let's go to the park, shall we?
[误]Let us go to the park, shall we?
[正]Let us go to the park, will you?
[析]Let's go的反意疑问句是shall we?而Let us go的反意疑问句则是will you?
10. life
[误]Many people lost their life in the Second World War.
[正]Many People lost their lives in the Second World War.
[析] life作为“生命”、“性命”时应为可数名词;当泛指一般“生活”讲时则为不可数名词，如：Which do you prefer, town life or country life? 又如：Life is not all fun.
11. light
[误]There is a desk with a lit lamp on it.
[正]There is a desk with a lighted lamp on it.
[析]light有两个过去分词：lighted和lit，当用过去分词作形容词当定语时只能用lighted. light 可以用作名词，如：The moon gets its light from the sun. 也可以作形容词，如：The classroom is very light. 还可以作动词，如：The little girl lit a match. 作形容词时还有“轻”、“浅”等意，如：This box is light. I like light blue.
12. like
[误]My sister is very as me.
[正]My sister is very like me.
[析] as 作为连词其后要接从句，如： She is a good student as his brother used to be. 而like是介词，其后接宾语。
[误]Do you like swimming with me tonight?
[正]Would you like to swim with me tonight?
[析]like作为动词当“喜欢”讲时，其后面可接不定式也可接动名词，用不定式多表达一个一次性的动作，如：I'm sorry I don't like to go swimming tonight. 用动名词则表示一个习惯性的动作，如：I like swimming very much.
like, alike
作为形容词，alike一般不作定语，而只作表语，如;The twins are very alike.
[误]Would you like swimming with us?
[正]Would you like to swim with us?
[析]在would you like … 这一句型中，其后面只能接不定式，而不能接动名词。like的用法还要注意以下两点：① He likes Tom. 为“他喜欢汤姆。”② He is like Tom. 为“他像汤姆。”第二句话的like为介词，而第一句话的like为动词。
13. listen
[误]You should hear the teahcer's advice.
[正]You should listen to the teacher's advice.
[析]hear多侧重于听到某事或某种声音，而listen to则侧重于听的倾向性。如： We listen but hear nothing. 例句为“听取某人意见”，所以只能用listen to someone's advice.
14. little
[误]Don't worry, there is little time.
[正]Don't worry, there is a little time.
[误]There is a little water. Shall I get some?
[正]There is little water. Shall I get some?
[析]要注意中英文在同一问题上的表达法是不同的。如中文“水不多了，我去取点吧。”英文要讲“没水了，我去取点吧。”
little, small
little与small是近义词，在作定语时常常可以互换，如：a little girl或a small girl, 但little一般不作表语，如：The car over there is small. 一句中不要用little. 作定语时little常常带有感情色彩，而small则带有对比的含义。
15. live
[误]Tom lives with his parents' money.
[正]Tom lives on his parents' money.
[误]He lives on teaching.
[正]He lives by teaching.
[析]“靠吃某物为生”应用live on something, 而live by是“靠某种生活手段为生”。
living, alive
living侧重于生活得很好，身体不错，如：My grandfather is still living in his eighties. 而alive则强调没有死而是活着的，如：Is that cat alive or dead?
作者简介：葛林，男，中学英语高级教师，曾在《21世纪英语报》《英语学习》《英语沙龙》等报刊杂志发表教学辅导类文章数十篇，并参与数项省部级科研课题，主要致力于初中英语中考及解题方法、技巧等教学方面的研究。
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