宾语从句(一)
在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句是初中英语中最重要的一种从句,它内容完整,句型结构较为复杂,主句和从句时态搭配要求严格,在中考试题中频频出现。而且学好宾语从句也可为到高中学习间接引语、主语从句、表语从句及同位语从句打下良好的基础。
宾语从句常由that引导,在口语中常省略。当主句中谓语动词是现在或将来时态时,从句中谓语动词不受主句中谓语动词时态的影响,按需要可以使用任何时态。如:
She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.
她说她从周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)
She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.
她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)
She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei.
她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)
当主句谓语是过去时态,从句中的时态一般用表示过去的某种时态。如:
He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.
他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)
He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby.
他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)
He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time.
他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)
当主句谓语是过去时态,而宾语从句叙述某一客观真理(事实)时,宾语从句的时态则用一般现在时。如:
The teacher told us(that) nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.
老师告诉我们世上无难事只怕有心人。
She said (that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her.
她说她父亲比她大二十八岁。
He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光传播比声音传播快得多。
宾语从句(二)
由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。
引出名词性从句的连词whether和if,在引出宾语从句时,用法和意义相同。但是只能引出宾语从句和不在句首的主语从句,而whether除了引出宾语从句外,还可引出主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。例如:
We don't know whether (if) it is right. 我们不知道它是否正确。
The question is whether she should do that. 问题在于她是否应该做那件事。
Whether it is true remains a question. 是真是假还是个问题。
试比较:
当if从句处在主句之后作“是否”讲时,引出的是宾语从句。例如:
I don't know if it is true. 我不知道这事是否真实。
当if从句在主句之前作“如果”讲,则引出状语从句。例如:
I shall go there if I have time. 如果我有时间,我将到那儿去。
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