一、分类：助动词可分为三类
(一)、基本助动词：这类助动词帮助构成谓语，表示语态﹑语气﹑肯定﹑否定﹑疑问和强调。有三个：do, be, have
(二)、时态助动词：帮助构成谓语，表示时态。有二个：will, shall
(三)、情态助动词：帮助构成谓语，表示说话者的态度和看法。
有：can may shall will
could might should would
dare need must ought to
二、用法：
(一)、构成疑问句
1.do: 放在主语之前(过去时用did, 单三人称用does)
Do you send her the message?
A group of childre smile and say:“Stranger,where do you come from?”
Does a rat run across the street with everybody shouting“Kill it”?
Did you ask for the day off before you left school?
注：如果有其他助动词时，不用do
He has been aboard for two years.
→Has he been aboard for two years?
We can deal with our own businees.
→Can we deal witn our own businees?
2. be: 放在主语之前(有人称和数的变化;有时态的变化)
I you we/you/they/复数名词
现在时：am are are
过去时：was were wree
Are you a student?
Is you parent at home?
Is this your new house?
Was Marry late for the meeting this morrning?
注：1.如果疑问词修饰主语，则不用do/does/did 构成疑问词句,句子为陈述语序：
What books sell well this year?
Whose camera needs repairing?
Which car hit three children yesterday?
2. 疑问词做主语，句子为陈述语序：
Who is your father?
What’s this?
(二) 构成否定句
助动词与not 合用
Don’t bother me with it.
He didn’t do anything that is bad for you.
All of us do not want to be criticized.
注：如果有其他助动词时,直接在其后加not
He is at home now.
→He is not at home now.
We have already packed our clothes.
→We have not packed our clothes yet.
She will give him a gift on his birthday.
→She won’t give him a gift on his birthday.
注：have 1表示“有”时，其疑问和否定有两种形式
英国英语 美国英语
How many pen pals has he? How many pen pals does he have?
Have you any money with you? Do you have any money with you?
He has not a car. He does not have a car.
have 2表示其它意义时，用do/does/did 构成疑问和否定
Do you have a bath ever day?
Did you bave a letter from home this morning?
What did you have for breakfast?
She doesn’t have much difficulty in studying French.
(三)、构成强调句
在祈使句，do 和动词原形连用，表示强调(be 没有其它形式的变化)
Do come to my birthday party.
Do hurry!
Don’t worry! I am here.
Don’t be afraid or him,he is not the one to be afrid of.
Do be polite and reasonable .
在动词前，加强说话的语气。(可以用于过去式)
I do miss you.
I did go there.
(四)、构成时态
1. be: 构成一般现在进行时和过去进行时(有人称和数的变化)
be + 现在分词 (现在进行时)
was/were +现在分词 (过去进行时)
He is singing while his wife is dong homework.
We are getting ready for the Beijing Olympic Games.
Tom was playing computer games when his father got homr.
2. have: 构成完成时态
现在完成时用have/has(单三人称)
过去完成时用had
He has got married.
The manager has left for America.
By the end of last week,they had finished half of the work.
We have been studying English for six years. (现在完成进行时)
English has been spoken in China for a long time. ( 现在完成时的被动语态)
3. shall/will 构成将来时态
一般将来时用 shall/will
过去将来时用 should/would
I shall be 40 next month.
We shall know the result tomorrow.
Unless the texi comes soon,we’ll miss the plane.
I’m sure I won’t lose my way.
I wondered whether he would survived the storm.
He said he would love me for ever.
(五) 构成被动语态
be + 动词的过去分词(及物动词) (有人称和数的变化;有时态的变化)
The window was broken by a boy.
A full cup must be carried steadily. (满杯则溢)
It’s said that the building would be completed next month.
Good will be rewarded with good; and evil with evil. (善有善报，恶有恶报)
三、情态助动词的用法和其它助动词用法相似(和动词原形连用,无人称和数的变化)
1. 直接位于主语前构成疑问
Would you like a cup of tea?
Shall we have a rest?
Must I finish it now?
2. 和not 连用构成否定
He cann’t drive a car.
You should not treat him like that.
I dare not speak in public.
3. 有时态的变化
He could not read and write at the age of three.
She can speak five kinds of foreign languages.
It will be fine next week.
4. 有语态的变化(被动语态)
The tree may be planted in spring.
Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.
The room must be kept clean.
注：need 与dare，既是情态动词又是行为动词，其区别如下：
情态动词 行为动词
无人称和数的变化,无过去式 有人称和数的变化
后接动词原形 后接带to的动词原形
直接加not 构成否定 用do/does/did not 构成否定
直接位于主语前构成疑问 用do/does /did构成疑问
He needn’t come if he is busy. You need to concentrate on your sdudy.
Need I repeat what I said just now? Adam needs to finish his work.
Nobody need be afraid of developing AIDS. Does he need to help her with it?
Frank dare not ask the teacher questions. He dares to face the challenge.
How dare you take my book away ? Janne doesn’t dare to say anything.
Dare you accept my challenge?
She was told that the children need not stay.
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