很多学生觉得英语难学，但事实上，英语和其他学科区别不大，知识点都完全出在书中。只要肯下工夫，一定会把英语学好，至少英语成绩不会被别人落下太多。通过今年的初三期末考试可以看出来，学生们存在的最主要的问题还是对教材不够熟悉。比如，今年的完形填空题出自教科书中的原文，但是5个填空部分很多学生都没有完全答对。其实，现在考试的趋势越来越回归教材，所以学生们一定要对教材非常熟悉。英语考试中的作文虽然不像语文作文那样占分比例很大，但这仍是一个重点。此次考试，学生们的作文情况也不是很理想。原因是学生们平时不愿意动笔。其实，只要对教材熟悉，写作的问题就不大。教材中的每个模块的第二、三单元都是一个主题，这个主题会告知写作内容。中考时的写作范围也不会脱离这些主题，肯定会是书中提到过的，所以，学生们要根据这些主题主动练习写作。
寒假期间的复习重点可根据个人情况而定，但以下两方面不得忽视：1、完形填空和阅读每天要做四五篇。英语考试中完形填空和阅读所占分数非常大，这是一个容易得分的部分。所以，学生们在假期每天都要保证阅读数量。英语语感很重要，如果长时间不做阅读，再次复习时会费很多力气。2、初一到初三教材“过”一遍。复习英语的最好方式就是熟读教材，因为英语教材中几乎涵盖了所有知识点。寒假期间，初一到初三年级的全部英语单词要复习一遍，课文要通读一遍，要保证英译汉和汉译英都没有问题，这样会给开学后进入总复习提供很多帮助。
宾语从句
宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类：
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.他说他想呆在家里。
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.她不知道她病得很严重。 I am sure (that) he will succeed.我确信他会成功。
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? 你知道他们在等谁吗? He asked whose handwriting was the best.他问谁的书法最好。
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? 你能告诉我3路公共汽车站在哪儿吗? I don’t know why the train is late.我不知道火车为什么晚了。
I can't imagine why he did that thing.我不能想像他为什么做了那件事。
Do you know why we have put off the sports meet till next month? 你知道我们为什么把运动会推迟到下个月吗?
以上两个例句的宾语从句相当于一个特殊疑问句，分别为：why did he do that thing?和Why have you put off the sports meet till next month?由于宾语从句要求陈述句语序，故而在从句中它变成了陈述语序。请看下列两组句子：
How much does this coat cost? 这件衣服值多少钱?
I want to know how much this coat costs.我想知道这件衣服值多少钱。 Where did you go yesterday? 你昨天去哪儿了?
Please tell me where you went yesterday.请告诉我你昨天去哪儿了。
当疑问代词what，who在特殊疑问句中做主语时，该特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序，所以当该句用来做宾语时，语序不需要调整。 What's wrong with you? 怎么了?
He asked the girl what was wrong with her.他问这个女孩怎么回事了。 What's the matter? 怎么了?
He asked the girl what was the matter.他问这个女孩怎么了。 What has happened to him? 他发生什么事了?
We want to know what has happened to him.我们想知道他发生了什么事。 同类句式还有：Who broke the window? 谁打破的窗户? Who is in the classroom? 谁在教室里?
What made him so angry.什么使得他如此生气。
3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。表示“是否”，二者通常可以互换。例如： Lily asked if/whether she liked it.莉莉问她是否喜欢它。
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.我想知道他是否住在这儿。 He asked me whether (if) I could help him.他问我是否可以帮助他。 但语义有点区别：
1)whether强调犹豫和选择，多见于书面语中;if 只限于条件，常用于口语。例如： Write and tell me whether I'm to come. 请写信告诉我，我是否该来。
Write and tell me if I'm to come. 如果我该来，请写信告诉我(相当于说：若我不必来，那就不用费心写信给
我了。)
2)whether可引导各种名词性从名和让步状语从句，if 只能引导宾语从句和条件状语从句。由if引导的从
句，首先要弄清楚是宾语从句，还是条件状语从句，然后再确定时态。若是引导条件状语从句，谓语动词
应用一般现在(过去)时代替一般将来(过去将来)时。例如： If you don't go soon, you’ll be late.如果你不马上去就会迟到。
当if引导一个非真实条件句时，从句的谓语动词应用过去式(如果是be, 则不论主语的人称和数，一律用
were),主句谓语动词用“would+动词原形”。例如：
If everyone in the country knew first aid, many lives would be saved.如果每个国民都懂得急救(的知识)，许
多生命就会得以挽救。
3)whether和if都可以与or no连用。但if与or not之间常需要用词语隔开，而whether与or not可连用，也可隔 开。例如：
Can you tell me whether or not the train has left?(=Can you tell me whether the train has left or not?)你能告诉
我火车是否离开了吗?
I don't care if your car breaks down or not .我不在乎你的汽车是否坏了。 4)下列情况，只用whether作引导词：
引导主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句、让步状语从句。例如： Whether he comes or not doesn't concern me.他来不来与我无关。
I am in doubt whether I ought to give this plan my approval..我决定不了是否该同意这项计划。 What I want to know is whether you can help me.我想知道的是你是否能帮助我。
Whether we go or stay, the result is the same.不管我们是走还是留，其结果是一样的。 5)与不定式连用：例如：
I don't know whether to accept or refuse.我不知道是该接受还是该拒绝。 6)在介词后作介宾。例如：
I am not interested in whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢那项计划。
4.think，believe，suppose，imagine，guess等表示“认为”、“猜想”等的动词后的宾语从句
4、宾语从句的一些特殊情况 1)否定转移
在以上动词之后的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定含义，却不用否定形式，而把主句中的上述动词变为否定形式，这就叫否定转移。
I don't think the book is worth buying.我认为这本书不值得买。
I don't believe they have finished their work.我相信他们并未完成他们的工作。 I don't suppose he cares.我猜想他们不会介意的。
We don't expect they will have everything done.我们希望他们没有把事全做完。 2)存在这种否定转移现象的句了在作反意疑问句时，具有如下特点：
在宾语从句中，如果主句的谓语动词是think，believe，suppose，imagine，guess等，主句主语是第一人称以外的人称时，反意疑问句应针对主句。
You don't think he can finish his work, do you? 你认为他不能完成他的工作，是吗? He doesn't believe that we have come back，does he? 他认为我们还没回来呢，是吗?
但是如果主句主语是第一人称时，反意疑问词部分的主语和时态要与宾语从句保持一致，并注意否定转移。
I don't think you are an actor，are you? 我认为你不是一个演员，是吗? I suppose you have been to Beijing，haven't you ?我想你去过北京。是吗?
另外，当think ，suppose，believe，imaging，guess这类表示“认为”、“猜想”的动词作主句谓语时，常会出现一种以疑问词起头的双重疑问句。 What do you think he is? 你认为他是做什么的?
How much time do you suppose I must spend on it? 你认为我得花多少时间来做这件事? 二. 宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：
I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.我听说物理不容易。
I think (that) you will like this school soon.我认为你不久会喜欢这所学校。 Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? 你能告诉我怎么到动物园吗?
Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.请告诉我我们什么时候开会。 三. 宾语从句的时态
1.若主句为一般现在时或一般将来时，则从句的时态不限可视句子意义使用所需要的任何时态。例如：
We all know chicken can't swim.我们都知道鸡不会游泳。
Don't you think Jim is speaking too quick.难道你不认为吉姆讲的太快了吗? He says he will come back.他说他会回来。
2.若主句是祈使句，从句谓语动词也可用所需要的任何时态。例如： Show me which picture is yours.让我看看哪张照片是你的。 Please tell us where we will go.请告诉我要去哪里。
3.若主句是一般过去时，从句必须用过去时态的某一种。例如： I knew she had swept the floor already.我知道她已经扫过地了。
He asked if I was doing my homework this time yesterday.他问我昨天这个时候是否在做作业。 4.若从句叙述的是客观真理、自然现象或永恒不变的规律时，则不受主句时态的限制，仍用一般现在时。例如：
Our teacher told us light travels much faster than sound.老师告诉我们光传播的速度比声音快得多。 They knew the sun is much bigger than the earth then.他们那时就知道太阳比地球大得多， He said that one and one makes two.他说一加一等于二。 【考例】
一Excuse me，could you tell me__________?
——There's a bank on the second floor.You can make it there.[黄冈市] A. where I can change money B. how I can get to the bank C. if there's a bank near here D.where the bank is [答案]A.[解析]考查宾语从句的连词用法。根据上下问可知应选A。 1.--Do you know ______________now? 一In the People's Hotel.[北京市] A. where is Tom working B. where did Tom work C.where Tom is working D.where Tom worked
[答案]C.[解析]考查宾语从句要用陈述句语序。宾语从句要注意两点：①从句用陈述句语序;②前后时态要一致。故排除A、B，D时态不对，故选C。
Excuse me, could you tell me when __the new Olympic Center? [沈阳市]
A. are we visited B will we visit C we are visited D we will visit [答案]D。 [解析]考查宾语从句的用法。从句要用陈述句语序，而且时态要与主句一致。从句意看本句不能用被动语态，故排除A、c。本题考查的是以when引导的宾语从句。B没用陈述句语序，故排除，此处could只表委婉的语气，并不表过去。 ----Could you tell me whom the radio _________by? 一Sorry，I have no idea.[福州市] A. invents B invented C is invented D.was invented [答案]D。[解析]考查宾语从句的时态和语态的用法。从句中的主语是谓语动词动作的承受者，这时应使用被动语态，这样A、B两项可以排除。我们还应考虑到，收音机的“发明”一定是过去的事情，所以该句的时态应是一般过去时，谓语的构成为“was/were+动词的过去分词”。 (年河北)I didn’t understand __________, so I raised my hand to ask.. A. what my teacher says B. what does my teacher say C. what my teacher said D. what did my teacher say
答案为C。本题为宾语从句，由于需要用陈述语序可排除B、D;另外，主句时态为一般过去时，则从句也要用对应的过去时态，故还可排除A。 --Did Mr White tell you________-?
--Yes. He said he went there in 2003. [福州市] A. when he traveled to Tibet B. how he goes to Wuhan C. Where he spent his holidays D. why did he visit Kunming
[答案]A。 [解析]考查宾语从句。when询问时间，how询问方式，where询问地点，why询问原因。由答语“He said he went here in 2003.”可知，前面应是询问动作发生的时间。 【语法回顾】
【语法过关】
1.--- Could you tell us how long ______? --- About three days.
A. does the sports meeting last B. the sports meeting last C. will the sports meeting last D. the sports meeting will last 2.I want to know______,
A. what is his name B what's his name C. that his name is D. what his name is
3.Parents are taught to understand_____important education is to their children’s future. A. that B. how C. such D. so 4.I wonder _______ they will come here with tomorrow. A. whether B. when C. who D. how 5.-Could you tell me ______? -I'm not sure.
A. how many people have been out of hospital B. when is Thanksgiving C. which animal does he like best D. what time will the dolphin show start 6. - Can I help you?
- Yes. I'd like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me______ take to get there? A. how soon will it B. how soon it will C. how long it will D. how long will it 7..---Could you let me know ___________ yesterday? ---Because the traffic was heavy. A. why did you come late B. why you came late C. why do you come late D. why you come late 8.A computer can only do _________you have instructed it to do.
A. how B. after C. what D. when
9.The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ________ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
10.I think Father would like to know ____ I've been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note
A. which B. why C. what D. how 【参考答案】
1.D 宾语从句用陈述句语序。 2.D 宾语从句用陈述句语序。
3. B题干中的“_____important education is to their children’s future”应理解为：education为主语，important是is的表语;to their children’s future是状语，所以空格处应为how修饰important。其实这个宾语从句是一个感叹句。 4.C 后面的"with"决定了用"who"。 5.A 宾语从句用陈述句语序。
6. C how soon一般用于指某事过多久后或到什么时候才发生，how long一般用于指某事需持续多长时间。
7. B yesterday表明宾语从句应用一般过去时，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
8. C。 分析本句的结构可知， 空白处应填的连词应作宾语从句中动词不定式中动词do的宾语。所以，该连接词应是连接代词。故应选C。
9. C。 介词at之后是宾语从句，其中I thought是插入语。也可以把what分解为a speed that…
10. C what引导宾语从句，并在宾语从句中作短语be up to 的宾语。
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