很多学生觉得英语难学，但事实上，英语和其他学科区别不大，知识点都完全出在书中。只要肯下工夫，一定会把英语学好，至少英语成绩不会被别人落下太多。通过今年的初三期末考试可以看出来，学生们存在的最主要的问题还是对教材不够熟悉。比如，今年的完形填空题出自教科书中的原文，但是5个填空部分很多学生都没有完全答对。其实，现在考试的趋势越来越回归教材，所以学生们一定要对教材非常熟悉。英语考试中的作文虽然不像语文作文那样占分比例很大，但这仍是一个重点。此次考试，学生们的作文情况也不是很理想。原因是学生们平时不愿意动笔。其实，只要对教材熟悉，写作的问题就不大。教材中的每个模块的第二、三单元都是一个主题，这个主题会告知写作内容。中考时的写作范围也不会脱离这些主题，肯定会是书中提到过的，所以，学生们要根据这些主题主动练习写作。
寒假期间的复习重点可根据个人情况而定，但以下两方面不得忽视：1、完形填空和阅读每天要做四五篇。英语考试中完形填空和阅读所占分数非常大，这是一个容易得分的部分。所以，学生们在假期每天都要保证阅读数量。英语语感很重要，如果长时间不做阅读，再次复习时会费很多力气。2、初一到初三教材“过”一遍。复习英语的最好方式就是熟读教材，因为英语教材中几乎涵盖了所有知识点。寒假期间，初一到初三年级的全部英语单词要复习一遍，课文要通读一遍，要保证英译汉和汉译英都没有问题，这样会给开学后进入总复习提供很多帮助。
定语从句
(一)、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。
如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.
2) You must do everything that I do.
上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why
关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分
(二)、关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人，在从句中做主语
(1)The boys are from Class One. (2)Yesterday I helped an old man . 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person .
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (2) The man is my friend.
3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game . ( which 在句子中做主语) (2) This is the pen . ( which 在句子中做宾语) 4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom;指物时，相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(5) The people are all here. (在句子中做主语) (6) Where is the man ? (在句子中做宾语) 5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1) He has a friend . (2) I lived in a house .
whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3)The classroom will soon be repaired.
=The classroom will soon be repaired. (4)Do you like the book ?
=Do you like the book ? 注：that 用法
(1)不用that的情况
(a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. (b) 介词后不能用。
We depend on the land We depend on the land . (2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 (a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
(b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
(c) 先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时，只用that。 (d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,不能用which。. (e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。
(f) 先行词指物，在主句中作表语时. (g) 为了避免重复.
(h)先行词是the way或the reason时，that可作关系副词，也可省略 (i) 主句的主语是疑问词who /which时 举例：
Is this the book ? 这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗?
Who should be punished. 谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚.
All is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。 (三)、关系副词引导定语从句
关系副词 关系副词：在句中作状语 关系副词=介词+关系代词 why=for which
where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配) when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
1. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。 (1) Shanghai is the city .
(2) The house has been pulled down.
2. when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 (1) I still remember the day . (2) The time finally came.
[注]表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。
By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks. 到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。
I still remember the first time I met her. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她。
Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。
每一次他去出差，他带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。 3. why指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) Please tell me the reason . (2) I don’t know the reason .
注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换 (1) The reason is not clear,
(2) From the year he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
注：1)介词后面的关系代词不能省略。 2)that前不能有介词。
3) 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同
1. 关系词在定语从句中充当宾语成分，可以省了;充当主语或状语则不能省略。 2. 定语从句的时态与主句无关，如：
The park is a beautiful place which was built about 300years ago. 3. 定语从句谓语单复数由先行词决定，如：
The women who are speaking at the meeting are famous scientists. 特别注意：one of the +pl.和only one of the pl.的区别，如： He is one of the students who are good at math.
He is the only one of the students who is good at math.
4. 非限制性定语从句在初中不做要求，但需要知道其特点，如： Jim passed the driving test, which shocked everybody in the office. 【语法过关】
( )1. This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday. A. that B. who C. whom D. this ( )2. The man _____ lives next to us is my English teacher. A. whom B. which C. who D. / ( )3. The girl _____ you saw in the street is Mary. A. that B. whose C. which D. as ( )4. Is this the factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday? A. the one B. which C. who D. whom ( )5. Is this factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday? A. the one B. that C. which D. / ( )6. The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue. A. which B. that C. / D. it ( )7. The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police. A. which B. in which C. that D. all ( )8. _____ cleans the blackboard should be praised. A. That B. Who C. The one who D. The students who ( )9. Please show me the book _____ you bought yesterday. A. which B. whom C. whose D. this ( )10. This is the best book _____ I have been looking for all this year. A. who B. whom C. which D. / ( )11. This is the only article of these that _____ written by him. A. was B. were C. is D. are ( )12. The man _____ was here just now is a doctor. A. whom B. who C. / D. he ( )13. The boy _____ has two lovely dogs. A. who live next door B. which lives next door C. whom lives next door D. that lives next door ( )14. Those _____ made no mistakes in today’s exercises please raise your hands. A. which B. whom C. that D. who ( )15. Don’t go in, this is the shop _____ we have just been _____.
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A. /, to B. that, / C. where, to there
( )16. He is the most careful boy _____ I know. A. what B. which C. as D. ./ ( )17. This is the school _____ Mr. Smith once taught. A. in that B. when C. where ( )18. Have you visited the house _____ the famous scientist was born? A. where B. in that C. that ( )19. The factory _____ Mr. Li used to work was closed last week. A. when B. where C. that ( )20. Do you still remember the day _____ we first met? A. that B. when C. what ( )21. The time _____ we studied together is not easily forgotten.
A. that B. when C. where
( )22. October 1,1949 is the day _____ we’ll never forget. A. when B. that C. where ( )23. October 1,1949 was the day _____ the People’s Republic of China was founded. A. which B. when C. where ( )24. Is this the shop _____ sells children’s clothing? A. which B. where C. in which ( )25. Is this museum _____ they visited last month? A. that B. which C. where
( )26. I still remember the sitting-room _____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening. A. what B. which C. that
D. which,
D. there D. which D. which D. on that D. in which D. in which D. in which D. what D. the one D. where
【能力提高】
1.I've read all the books __________you gave me.
A.which B.them C.what D.that 2.There isn't much _________I can do.
A.what B.which C.that D.how
3.He keeps a record of everything______________he had seen there. A.he B.that C.which D.what
4.Tell us about the people and the places _____________are different from ours. A.that B.who C.which D.whom
5.Mr John said that Suzhou was the first city_____________he had visited in China. A.that B.where C.which D.what
6.The TV play I watched last night is the best one __________I have watched this year. A.which B.what C.whose D.that
7.Last Sunday they reached Qingdao, ________a conference was to be held. A.which B.that C.when D.where 8.Is this the museum_________you visited the other day?
A.that B.where C.in which D.the one
9.I began to work in Beijing in the year_________New China was founded. A.when B.that C.which D.where 10.This is the very film_________I've long wished to see. A.which B.that C.who D.whom
11.There is no difficulty __________can't be overcome in the world. A.that B.which C.who D.what
12.Who is the person _________is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower?
A.who B.that C.which D.whom
13.This was the supermarket___________I bought this kind of tin. A.where B.that C.who D.which
14.The house __________the capitalist used to live in is now a nursery. A.that B.where C.what D.when
15.This is the last time__________I shall come here to help you. A.that B.which C.when D.what 16.The house_________we live is not big.
A.in that B.which C.in which D.that
17.My neighburs used to give me a hand in time of trouble, __________was very kind of them. A.who B.that C.which D.whom 18.All _________glitters is not gold.
A.that B.which C./ D.what
19.I now know why Mao impresses everyone who meets him the way_____ he does. A.which B.what C./ D.now
20.Beijing, ___________is the capital of China,is a beautiful city. A.that B.it C.which D./
21.She was no longer the woman ____________she was. A.that B.which C.what D.who 22.That's the hotel __________last year.
A.which we stayed B.at that we stayed C.Where we stayed at D.where we stayed
23.The doctor did all _________to save the wounded boy.
A.what he could B.he could C.everything which he could D.for which he could do 24.Anyone ________this opinion may speak out.
A.that againsts B.that against C.who is against D.who are against 25.The place __________you are standing used to be an old church. A.which B.where C.that D.when
26.You've made the same mistake_________you made last time. A.as B.like C.which D.that
27.It is not such an interesting magazine__________I thought. A.as B.that C.which D./ 28._________you know,he is a famous musician. A.As B.which C.That D./
29.Mr Zhou , _______native language was Chinese,could read and write several foreign languages. A.whose B.his C.which D.that
30.Do you know the actor___________you saw playing Hamlet is now doing King Lear? A.who B.whom C.whose D.which 31.I took my friend to the Summer Palace,____________we had some photos taken. A.where B.which C.that D./
32.Do you remember the day ___________your sister was graduated as a Master of Arts? A.which B.on which C.about which D./
33.The bus,___________was already full,was surrounded by an angry crowd.
A.which of most B.most of which C.which of the most D.most of that 34.We all remember the days __________we studied together at school. A.which B.that C.when D./ 35.Do you know the reason_____________he didn't come? A.that B.which C.for D.why
36.I showed the doctor the place ____________I felt the pain.
A.that B.which C.where D.when 37.He is the only one of the three_______got the new idea.
A.who have B.whom have C.who has D.whose had 38.I'm one of the students _________well in English in my class.
A.who does B.who do C.which does D.who did 39.This is the baby____________tomorrow.
A.after whom I shall look B.whom I shall look after
C.whose I shall look after D.after whom I shall look after 40.This is the fastest train ____________is going to Nanjing. A.that B.what C.where D./
Ⅰ.1.D 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.D 7.D 8.A 9.A 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.A 14.A 15.A 16.C 17.C 18.A 19.C 20.C 21.A 22.D 23.B 24.C 25.B 26.A 27.A 28.A 29.A 30.B 31.A 32.B 33.B 34.C 35.D 36.C 37.C 38.B 39.B 40.A
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