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1. 词义选择
1)在得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道。
•Before I fell ill, I had been the bully under our roofs owing to my doting parents.
•横行霸道: 为所欲为，想干什么就干什么
•get everything my own way
•get all things my own way
•be bully
2)钓鱼可分为三个阶段。
•There are three states for fishing.
•“三个阶段” 在这里指钓鱼的三种境界，因此不译为 three stages。
3)他是个墙头草，谁硬就跟谁。
He always sits on the fence and falls on the side of the stronger
2. 词类转换
1)吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。
•You will be full of praise while eating the first two main courses.
2)这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。
•Thus, every place, with its own legends and folktales, has its traditions and customs passed on from generation to generation.
3)所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深地依赖着。
•Therefore, everyone has become unanimously and profoundly dependent on nature.
4)大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。
•People, poor or rich, are equally favored by nature.
3. 词的增补
1)有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。
•A place with water and fish is necessarily blessed with a nice setting, which in return keeps people in good mood.
2)黄鼠狼给鸡拜年。
•The weasel goes to pay respects to the hen—not with the best of intentions.
4. 词的省略
1)种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和栽花……
...
今天出国留学网为大家介绍三种专八翻译题的应试技巧，希望同学们认真掌握，下文《专八翻译技巧（一）》由出国留学网英语频道为您整理，希望对您有帮助，欢迎您访问出国留学网浏览更多考试资讯。
正译法和反译法：这两种方法通常用于汉译英，偶尔也用于英译汉。所谓正译，是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。正译与反译常常具有同义的效果，但反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯。因此比较地道。
如：
(1)在美国，人人都能买到枪。
In the United States, everyone can buy a gun. (正译)
In the United States, guns are available to everyone. (反译)
(2)你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。
You can obtain this information on the Internet. (正译)
This information is accessible/available on the Internet. (反译)
(3)他突然想到了一个新主意。
Suddenly he had a new idea. (正译)
He suddenly thought out a new idea. (正译)
A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him. (反译)
(4)他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。
He still could not understand me. (正译)
Still he failed to understand me. (反译)
(5)无论如何，她算不上一位思维敏捷的学生。
She can hardly be rated as a bright student. (正译)
She is anything but a bright student. (反译)
(6)Please withhold the document for the time being.
请暂时扣下这份文件。(正译)
请暂时不要发这份文件。(反译)
希望以上例句能帮助大家更好地理解正译法和反译法的不同特点，在以后的翻译实践中成就更加地道完美的译文。
倒置法：在汉语中，定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前;在英语中，许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后，因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉，即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换，按意群或进行全部倒置，原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。有时倒置法也用于汉译英。
如：
(1)At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are s...
Learning a foreign language often involves a lot of boring memorization and verb conjugation, except in South Korea where flying punches and killer kicks are part of the curriculum.
More than 40 academies nationwide teach what is known as "Taeglish," where Korean children are trained in Taekwondo by English-speaking instructors who say the martial art gives the students confidence in the language.
South Koreans spend billions of dollars a year on English instruction for their children. The language is seen as a must for entry into a good university and a good job.
"After English is combined with Taekwondo practice, children can have fun learning the language and do it in high spirits," said Kim Sung-han, the founder of Taeglish.
Taeglish, a combination of the words Taekwondo and English, was introduced in March 2007 as an activity offered by a department store for children. In about a year, academies had spread throughout the country.
Taeglish students are far more energetic in the classroom than their peers who study through traditional methods but their language skills are often not as good as their peers.
学外语常常需要进行大量枯燥的记忆以及掌握动词的各种变位，但在韩国，拳打脚踢也成了外语课程的一部分。
目前，韩国已有40多所院校教授所谓的“跆拳道式英语”(Taeglish)。在这些地方，教练们用英语向学生教授跆拳道，他们认为跆拳道能增强学生学习外语的信心。
韩国人每年在孩子学英语上的投入达到数十亿美元。在韩国，英语好被视为进入好大学和找份好工作的必要条件。
“跆拳道式英语”的创始人金宋汉说：“将英语与练跆拳道结合起来后，学生们能够开心并且精神饱满地去学习英语。”
“Taeglish”(跆拳道式英语)是Taekwondo(跆拳道)和E...
What had he been afraid of, I asked myself? That, suddenly alone, he would discover that he bored himself, or that there was, quite simply, no self there to meet? But having taken the plunge, he is now on the brink of adventure; he is about to be launched into his own inner space to the astronaut. His every perception will come to him with a new freshness and, for a time, seem startlingly original.
“他一直在害怕什么呢?”，我问自已。 怕突然一个人呆着会发现自已厌烦自己，或者怕会失去自我?但是有了这次偿试，他便要开始探险了。他就要发射到自已内心的宇宙之中。他的所见所感对他来说将会是全新的，一度会新颖的让人惊奇。
The Rewards of Living a Solitary Life
The other day an acquaintance of mine, a gregarious and charming man, told me he had found himself unexpectedly alone in New York for an hour or two between appointments. He went to the Whitney and spent the "empty" time looking at things in solitary bliss. For him it proved to be a shock nearly as great as falling in love to discover that he could enjoy himself so much alone.
独自生活的报偿
前些日子，我的一个熟人，一位热爱交际并很受欢迎的男士告诉我，他在纽约的两个约会之间偶然有一两个小时的空闲，他便去了惠特尼博物馆，四处浏览着展品，无比幸福的度过了那些时光。发现自已独自一人，也能如此的幸福，他感觉像坠入爱河那般震惊。
...
Los Alamos National Laboratory scientists are using a new technique to see fingerprints on surfaces that typically make them invisible. The technology focuses a tight beam of X-rays on surfaces with fingerprints and creates a computer picture out of those scans.
The conventional methods are meant to bring out fingerprint patterns with regular light and they have to treat those with powder, which alters them. The new method uses a technology called mini-X-ray fluorescence to detect chemical elements in fingerprints without altering them.
For big labs, the method could be a great way to bring out prints that can’t be seen any other way, said Vahid Majidi, a lab scientist.
"The technique fills a unique niche," Majidi said. "These are prints that would otherwise be useless. If you have prints on a dark surface, for example, they really don’t develop well using normal techniques. If you have prints from an adolescent or child, the chemicals in the fingertips are different and don’t stick around long enough for traditional methods."
"This is a new approach to fingerprint visualization," Havrilla said. "We’re lifting prints, but instead of looking at the finger’s natural oils and organic residues we’re looking at elemental features left behind."
What’s new is the method the lab has created to see them which includes computer software and ways of manipulating the machinery, Worley said. B...
Life on-line can be a much richer experience when you aren’t restricted to just written words and still pictures. Even if you’re new to the Net, you’ve probably heard aobut multimedia on-line--listening to audio, watching animations and videos, even playing in three-dimensional space. Sound and movement make information come alive.
To experience it, you’ll need special pieces of software called plug-ins. The term "plug-in" refers to a small, add-on piece of software which extends the capabilities of your web browser, like Netscape Navigator or Microsoft Explorer, turning your computer into a radio or TV.
When you arrive at a web page which contains a file requiring a plug-in which you don’t have, you will usually receive a message asking if you want to get it by downloading it and installing it into your computer. Most of the time, the installation will be automatic.
Occasionally, you’ll run into a downloaded file which needs to be decompressed or un-zipped before installation. Once installed, plug-ins run automatically, without you having to do anything.
Many multimedia controls still need to be obtained from the developer but are installed automatically.
Shockwave is a good example of this. All you need to do is go to the Macromedia site and click on the link to install the ActiveX control. The rest happens automatically. The next time you go to a "Shocked" website, the Shockwave cont...
正是因为不停地追求进取，我们才感到生活幸福。一件事完成后，另一件随之而来，如此连绵不绝，永无止境。对于往前看的人来说，眼前总有一番新天地。虽然我们蜗居于这颗小行星上，整日忙于锁事且生命短暂，但我们生来就有不尽的希望，如天上繁星，遥不可及。只要生命犹在，希望便会不止。真正的幸福在于怎样开始，而不是如何结束，在于我们的希翼，而并非拥有。
参考译文：
We live in an ascending scale when we live happily, one thing leading to another in an endless series. There is always a new horizon for onward-looking men, and although we dwell on a small planet, immersed in petty business and not enduring beyond a brief period of years, we are so constituted that our hopes are inaccessible, like stars, and the term of hoping is prolonged until the term of life. To be truly happy is a question of how we begin and not of how we end, of what we want and not of what we have.
Native Produce & Animal By-products Import and Export Corporation 土产畜产进出口公司
Chemicals Import and Export Corporation 化工进出口公司
Metals & Minerals Import and Export Corporation 五金矿产进出口公司
Electronics Import and Export Corporation 电子技术进出口公司
Electric Wire & Cable Export Corporation 电线电缆出口联营公司
Publishing Industry Trading Corporation 出版对外贸易公司
Packaging Import and Export Corporation 包装进出口公司
Instruments Import and Export Corporation 仪器进出口公司
Historical Relics Exhibition Corporation for Foreign Countries 对外文物展览公司
Performing Arts Agency 对外演出公司
Overseas Building Materials and Equipment Corporation 对外建筑材料设备公司
Foreign Trade Storage Corporation 对外贸易仓储公司
foreign Trade Transportation Corporation 对外贸易运输公司
Foreign Trade Consultation & Technical Service Corporation 对外贸易咨询与技术服务公司
Exhibition Agency for Foreign Countries 对外展览公司
Export Commodities Fair 出口商品交易会
Machinery & Equipment Import and Export Corporation 机械设备进出口公司
Complete Plant import and Export Corporation 成套设备进出口公司
Communications Import and Export Service Corporation 交通进出口服务公司
Machine-building International Corporation 机械对外经济技术合作公司
Machinery Import and Export Corporation 机械进出口公司
Corporation for International Cooperation in Agriculture, Livestock and Fishery 农牧渔业国际合作公司
Import and Export Service Company for Farms and Land Re...
有一种人我最不喜欢和他下棋，那便是太有涵养的人。杀死他一大块，或是抽了他一个车，他神色自若，不动火，不生气，好像是无关痛痒，使得你觉得索然寡味。君子无所争，下棋却是要争的。当你给对方一个严重威胁的时候，对方的头上青筋暴露，黄豆般的汗珠一颗颗地在额上陈列出来，或哭丧着脸作惨笑，或咕嘟着嘴作吃屎状，或抓耳挠腮，或大叫一声，或长吁短叹，或自怨自艾口中念念有词，或一串串的噎嗝打个不休，或红头涨脸如关公，种种现象，不一而足，这时节你“行有余力”便可以点起一支烟，或啜一碗茶，静静地欣赏对方的苦闷的象征。我想猎人困逐一只野兔的时候，其愉快大概略相仿佛。因此我悟出一点道理，和人下棋的时候，如果有机会使对方受窘，当然无所不用其极，如果被对方所窘，便努力作出不介意状，因为既不能积极地给对方以烦恼，只好消极地减少对方的乐趣。
背景介绍
《下棋》是梁实秋散文中较有代表性的一篇，其显著特点之一，就是细致入微地写出了下棋、观棋和悟棋的独到而深刻的感受。下棋的最大乐趣在于自己局势有利时，静静地欣赏对方痛苦不堪的种种窘态。梁实秋先生一口气用了八个“或”字，把对方的窘态绘声绘色、惟妙惟肖地列举出来，使人如临其境，如闻其声。而在自己处于下风时，也应不动声色，减少对方的乐趣。
难点解析
1. 君子无所争： “君子”即 “gentleman”， “争”即 “竞争”(contest )，下棋也算是两人间的比赛 ，所以这里选用“contest”。全句译为“A real gentleman seldom contests with others.”。
2. “下棋却是要争的”：这里的“争”也有 “竞争”的意思，但更含有一种想赢的心态 ，因此译为“do sb. down”，有“胜过某人”的意思。全句译为“He will, however, seek to do his opponent down in a game of chess.”。
3. “当你给对方一个严重威胁的时候”：译为“when you put him on the spot”，词组“put sb. on the spot”意思是“使人为难，使某人陷入窘境”。
4. “头上青筋暴露”：“青筋”即“blue veins”，全句译为“see blue veins standing out on his temples”，“头上”译为“on the temples”，“temple”指“太阳穴”。
5. “黄豆般的汗珠”： “黄豆般的”即“the size of soybean”，故词组译为“drops of cold sweat the size of soybean”。
6. “一颗颗地在额上陈列出来”：“一颗颗”并不需要译出 ，因为前面的“drops”一词已经体现出来 了。
7. “哭丧着脸作惨笑”：“哭丧着脸”译为“a long face”，即“闷闷不乐的，不悦的脸色”。 “惨笑”译为“a wan smile”，“wan”原意为“无血色的，苍白的”。全句译为 “...wear a wan smile on his long face”。
8. “咕嘟着嘴作吃屎状”：意思是 “涵养低的人落下风时嘟囔着嘴心情不好”，译为 “purse his lips in displeasure”，“purse”指“皱...
这么美丽的玫瑰剪下来，让人心疼。她抓紧我的袖子叮咛：千万不能剪啊，玫瑰是泥土的微笑，谁忍心杀戮美得醉人的微笑?
我的灵魂悚然一惊，丑陋的泥土，卑微的泥土，朴素的泥土，因为玫瑰，露出了惊艳一笑。
因为这一笑，让人爱惜非常。
江南的紫砂壶玲珑剔透，泥人张的彩塑令人拍案叫绝，它们不都是泥土的微笑吗?弥足珍贵。即使曾丑陋，即使曾卑微，即使曾朴素，同样让人肃然起敬。
我懂得了，即使再平凡的人，也没有理由被埋没，只要努力活出色彩，一定叫人刮目相看。
背景介绍
这篇散文语言朴素，比较生活化，却不庸俗。我们都是平凡的人，平凡得如随处可见的泥土。但所有的农作物都要种在土里，再美丽的花也要扎根在土里。那些丰硕的果实，那些美丽的花，都是泥土的成果，泥土的分身。所以，努力地活着，活出属于自己的色彩，就不再是平凡的泥土，平凡的人!翻译时，也应当把握住这一点，原文朴素，却不庸俗，应从语言上体现其特点。
难点解析
1. 千万不能剪啊 ，玫瑰是泥土的微笑 ，谁忍心杀戮美得醉人的微笑 ：这一句要注意句子的拆分，译文应当分成两句 ，从意思上来看，“千万不能剪啊”有语气词“啊”在末尾，语气较重，单独处理为一句话。后面的两个“微笑”相互呼应 ，放到一起译为第二句话 。故译为 “She told me that by no means should they be cut. Roses are the smiling face of the earth, and who could be so iron-hearted as to destroy a smile so exhilarating?”。
2. 灵魂悚然一惊： “悚然”意为“由于惊觉、害怕而犹疑”，boggle意为 “to overwhelm with wonder or bewilderment”，故译为 “My mind was thoroughly boggled”。
3. 丑陋的泥土，卑微的泥土，朴素的泥土，因为玫瑰，露出了惊艳一笑：在这句话中，三个“……的泥土”并列为 “露 出了惊艳一笑”的主语 ，故译为“the ugly earth, the humble earth, the plain earth—it is only because of the roses that it reveals an amazing and bright smile.”。
4. 因为……因为……：此处使用了两个强调句。故第二句译为 “it is for the sake of that smile that it wins the care and pity of men.”。
5. 紫砂壶：the boccaro teapots。
6. 令人拍案叫绝的泥塑：the shockingly beautiful sculptures。
7. 弥足珍贵：中文可 以接着上文说 “弥足珍贵”，但英文则必须有主语，且意思上应与后面的句子连在一起，可用such ...that结构译出。全句译为：“They are such exquisite treasures that—even if...”。
8. “无论是谁，都不应 当……” ，英文...
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