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考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2021考研英语：中英句子结构差异解析”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!
2021考研英语：中英句子结构差异解析
1、英语句子重形合，汉语句子重意合
英语句子重"形合"，往往用词形变化、连接词、介词、定语从句和独立主格结构等表示成分之间的各种语法关系，句子的外形很严谨，而汉语句子则注重"意合"，由于没有词形变化、定语从句和独立主格结构，连词和介词的使用也比英语少，往往用隐性连贯方法来表示各种语法关系，句子外形比较松散、自由。所以在英译汉时，许多词可以转译为汉语的动词，连接词有时可以不译，介词短语、定语从句和独立主格结构在多数情况下可转译为短语式分句。
汉译英时，首先要处理好句子的内在关系，用英语的连接词把各种关系(如因果关系、递进关系等) 体现出来，其次要善于将汉语的分句转换为英语的名词、分词短语、定语从句和独立主格结构等。
如：Since it has been decided ， let's start now.
决定了就开始干吧。
If you have never tasted the bitterness of gall ， how can youknow the sweetness of honey ?
不知苦中苦，哪知甜中甜。
They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which ， in the past ， many Chinese have laiddown their lives .
他们正在为实现一个理想而努力，这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的，在过去，许多中国人曾为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。
2、英语句子重心在前，汉语句子重心在后
英语和汉语的叙事和推理的顺序在多数情况下是相反的。英语句子在叙述时往往先说最近发生的事，再说先前发生的事，而汉语在多数情况下则正好相反;英语句子往往先总结，然后再加以阐述，而汉语则常常先交代事情，然后再总结。如：
His chief contribution was making me realize how much morethan knowledge I had been getting from him .
他使我认识到，我从他那里学到的远远不只是知识，这是他最大的贡献。
3、段落意识不同
英语和汉语的段落意识是不同的。英语的一段话里如果只涉及一个人物或事情，那么主语一般都保持连续性，避免了跳动，也保持了段落的流畅性;而汉语段落的主语则没有这种要求，一般跳跃性较大。
自上了轿，进了城，从纱窗中瞧瞧，其街市之繁华，人烟之卓盛，自非别处可比。
She got into her chair and was soon carried through the city wall. Peeping through the gauze panel which serviced as a windo...
考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语：长难句翻译剖析(二)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!
2020考研英语：长难句翻译剖析(二)
1、Instead, we are treated to fine hypocriticalspectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home the publisher of radicalbooks who takes his meals in three star restaurants the journalist advocatingparticipatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolledin private schools.
【译文】 相反，我们目睹了比以前任何时候都多的虚伪景观：美国物欲主义批评家在南安普顿拥有一幢避暑别墅，激进图书的出版商在三星级餐馆就餐，倡导终生参与民主制的新闻记者把自己的子女送进私立学校。
【分析】 本句的主句是 we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles。非限定性的定语从句 (which now more than ever seem in ample supply)修饰 spectacles。冒号后面的成分是三个并列的名词性短语，其重要词分别是critic，publisher 和 journalist。spectacles 在文中意为“壮观景象”，有一定的反讽意味。
2、This does not mean thatambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings,but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed.
【译文】 这并不意味着抱负已经穷途末路，人们不再感觉到它对人们的激励了而只是说明人们不再公开地以它为荣，更不愿公开地坦承了。
【分析】 这是一个简单句，主干是 this does not mean，后面接了三个并列的 that 从句作 mean 的宾语。在第三个宾语从句中，it 指代 ambition，no longer openly honored 是插入语，作该从句的状语。that people no longer feel its stirrings andpromptings 意思是 that people are no longer stirred and promptedby ambition。
3、The attacks on ambition aremany and come from various angles its public defenders are few andunimpressive, where th...
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一、主语+谓语(S+V)：
这类句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语都能表达完整的意思。谓语动词是不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
例如：An accident that occurred in the skies over the Grand Canyon in 1956 resulted in the establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to regulate and oversee the operation of aircraft in the skies over the United States, which were becoming quite congested. (剑8 Test 1Passage 2 )
句子结构分析：这句话的主干是An accident resulted in the establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)。主谓结构式An accident resulted，后面跟得是介词短语。That引导定语从句修饰An accident，to regulate and oversee…表示目的，which引导非限制性定语从句修饰the operation of aircraft。
二、主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+DO)：
这类句子的谓语都是实意动词，也都是及物动词，表示主语发生的动作，但是后面必须跟一个宾语，也就是动作的承受者，才能表达完整的意思。
例如：They based their calendars on three natural cycles: the solar day, marked by the successive periods of light and darkness as the earth rotates on its axis; the lunar month, following the phases of the moon as it orbits the earth; and the solar year, defined by the changing seasons that accompany our planet's revolution around the sun.
(剑8 Test 1Passage 1 )
句子结构分析：这句话的主语是They，谓语是based，宾语是their calendars，后面是on引导的介词短语。冒号后面的三个并列结构：the solar day, the lunar month and the solar year，是对three natural cycles的解释说明。 that引导定语从句修饰changing seasons changing seasons。
三、主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)：
这类句型的谓语部分是连系动...
03-11
1、长成分 1)长从句做主语、宾语及其他成分
a、主语从句
b、宾语从句
2)长状语
3)层层修饰
4)并列成分
2、常见倒装搭配
(1)及物动词加介词：固定词组的固定搭配中，经常出现倒装情况，如：bring A to B，写作：bring to B A
例：Yet Waltzer’s argument , however deficient , does point to oneof the most serious weaknesses of capitalism-namely , that it brings topredominant positions in a society people who ,no matter howlegitimately they have earned their material rewards , often lack thoseother qualities that evoke affection or admiration.
类似的情况：throw over , insert into , import into , infer from, establish for , advocate as 等
(2)及物动词加副词
例：make possible …(单词或者句子)
3、省略的几种情况
(1)重复的成分
(2)让步转折的省略：如although (but)
(3)定语从句引导词的省略which(that )
(4)定语从句的引导词和系动词同时省略，变成后置定语
如：qualities(such as “the capacity for hard work”) essential in producing wealth
4、 短语被分割
如：such as, so that , too to , more than , from A to B , between A and B
5、多重否定
如：Despite these vague categories , one should not claimunequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot belegitimately observed .
6、难句分析举例
Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industrygreatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in natio...
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