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实际上指相同事物的两个词或短句拆开来出现在两个地方，用一个做句子的成分，把另外一个放在句外。我们就把这个居于结构之外的成分叫外位语，那个结构之内的成分叫本位语。举个简单的栗子”关起门来搞建设,这样是不行的”,其中”关起门来搞建设”是外位语,”这”是本位语,对于这类句子我们主要有两种方法:”译出来”和”译进去”.
一,译出来
所谓”译出来”即将外位语译成一个独立的成分与主句分离,分以下三种情况
1,译成外位语结构
如:
然而朋友们把多量的同情，多量的爱，多量的欢乐，多量的眼泪分了给我，这些东西都是生存所必需的。
My friends then gave me in large quantities sympathy, love, joy and tears—things essential for existence.
有喜有忧，有笑有泪，有花有实，有香有色，既须劳动 ,又长见识 ,这就是养花的乐趣。(老舍:《养花》)
Joy and sorrow, laughter and tears, flowers and fruit ,fragrance and color, manual labor and increased knowledge all these make up the joy of flower cultivation.
以上两例,都是套用汉语中含有外位语结构的句子框架来翻译。
2,译为独立的一个句子或者是并列句
有些朋友，连他们的名字我以前也不知道，他们却关心我的健康，处处打听我的“病况”，直到他们看见了我那被日光晒黑了的脸和膀子，他们才放心地微笑了，这种情形的确值得人掉泪。
Some, whom I did not even know by name, showed concern over my health and went about inquiring after me. It was not until they saw my suntanned face and arms that they began to smile a smile of relief. All that was enough to move one to tears.
世间有不少的人为了家庭抛弃朋友，至少也会在家庭和朋友之间划一个界限，把家庭看得比朋友重过若干倍。这似乎是很自然的事情。
Many people forsake their friends in favor of their own families, or at least draw a line of demarcation between families and friends, considering the former to be many times more important than the latter. That seems to be a matter of course.
亵渎的人固然不少，我可总不忍——这一套又是书生之...
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