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《高中英语语法-一些中学英语易混结构分析(二)》由留学英语组编辑整理(www.liuxue86.com)。本内容整理时间为05月12日,如有任何问题请联系我们。
一些中学英语易混结构分析(二)
7. To get an education , _______________ .
A. one must work hard B. what you need is to work hard
C. working hard is needed
不定式作状语放在句首,动作的执行者应当是句子的主语。换言之,当不定式放在句首时,句子的主语应能做不定式动作的执行者。此题选项中只有A项中的one 能做get 的执行者。One get an education,… ;What you need和working hard 都不能做get 的执行者。
8. Thirty-three people were already dead in a traffic accident ; __________ .
A. twelve being old men
B. twelve of them were old men
C. twelve of whom were old men
D. twelve were old men
此题中的分号(;)很重要,后一部分起进一步说明作用。正确选项为B。如果换成逗号 的话,则选择C,理解为定语从句。
9. Was it during the Second World War ________ he died ?
A. that B. during which time C. in which D. when
It 作代词 表示时间或地点与关系副词when 、where引导的定语从句或强调结构相混。此题应当填A,为强调结构,但有好多学生选择C或D,把句子看成定语从句,其实判断强调结构并不难,把强调结构it is (was)…that ( who )…去掉,如果剩下的部分句子结构完整,说明就是强调结构,如果不完整说明是从句。此句去掉强调结构句子成为during the Second World War he died (变为正常词序 He died during the Second World War ) 句子结构完整,说明此句为强调结构。此句如果把during 一词去掉 ,句意就变了,it was the Second World War .it 作代词,表示时间,意思为:时间是第二次世界大战,横线处应当填 when 或in which 。又如:
It was evening ______ he went to the office .
A. when B. that 此句选择A,如果evening 换成in the evening ,则选择B。
10. Hardly had she seen her father _________ she ran to him .
A. than B. when C. as D. that
此句是倒装句,往往与 that 从句相混,应注意hardly 与 when 连用。
11.----...
《中考英语考点解析--被动语态》由留学liuxue86.com编辑整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日,如有任何问题请联系我们。
一、被动语态用于以下几种情况
1. 不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者。如:
Many new buildings are built in our city.
2. 强调动作的承受者。如:
The wounded man has been sent to a hospital.
3. 动作执行者有比较长的修饰语。如:
The person was supported by those who wished to have a chance to make friends with him.
4. 出于礼貌,不愿说出动作的执行者。如:
You are requested to attend the party.
二、过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别
1. 系表结构中的过去分词是表示主语的特征或状态;而被动结构则是表示主语是动作的承受者。试比较:
Our building is surrounded with the trees.(系表)
The film is usually showed on Sunday.(被动)
2. 系表结构不能带有by引导的短语;而被动结构中可以用by引导的短语引出动作的执行者。试比较:
The book is well written. (系表)
The book was written by Lu Xun.(被动)
三、使用被动语态应注意的几点
1. 带双宾语的主动结构的句子,变为被动语态结构时,只能将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍要保留。如果保留的是间接宾语,要在间接宾语之前加上介词to或for.如:
We are taught English by her.或English is taught to us by her.
2. 主动语态中的不带to的动词不定式作宾补变为被动语态时,要加上不定式符号to.如:
The boss made him work over twelve hours a day.
He was made to work over twelve hours a day.
3. 短语动词用于被动语态应作为一个整体,不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。如:
The meeting has been put off.
4. 有些及物动词和及物动词短语(多表示“静态”)不能用于被动语态,常见的有have, cost, lack, last, own, hold, fit, agree with等。
5. 有些不及物动词以主动形式表示被动意义,常见的有cut, wash, write, sell等。如:
The shirt washes well.
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