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考研英语备考很多事情都要提上日程了,看看哪些是该注意的,下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2021考研英语知识点:定语从句的语法精析”,持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!
语法是考研英语的基础,这部分在研究生英语考试中不再单独考查,但是语法知识贯穿在整个英语考卷的各个题型中。 完型填空题会直接考查语法知识;阅读理解题和英译汉中有大量的长难句,这些句子只有具备一定的语法知识才能正确分析;作文中要写出正确无误的句子,也需要语法知识。这部分基础如果欠缺,其它的综合能力提高起来将会很慢,所以所有考生都务必重视考研语法的复习。从句就是一个主谓结构相当于整个句子(这样的句子叫复合句)中的一个成分,因此从句不能单独使用。在复合句中修饰名词或代词、作定语的句子叫定语从句。
定语从句是中国人学英语最重要的难点之一。其实定语从句很有规律,总结如下:在关系代词中that既可指人又可指物、既可作主语又可作宾语,因此,除了在非限定性定语从句中,用that一般不会出问题。
关系副词的用法比较单一,它们从句中只起状语的作用,表示时间的就用who门,表示地点的就用where,而why只修饰一个词,即reason。
定语从句所修饰的词叫“先行词”,因为它总是处在定语从句的前头,比定语从句先行一步。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词,包括关系代词和关系副词。
•关系代词:
who,which,that作从句的主语
whom,which,that作从句的宾语(可省略)
whose从句中作定语
以下情况只能用that,不能用which:
i.先行词为不定代词all, little, none,any,every,no,much, anything, nothing
ii. 先行词有最高级和序数词修饰时(包括: the only, the very, the same, the last, the next等)
iii.先行词既有人又有物的时候
以下情况只能用which,不能用that;
① 引导非限制性定语从句(包括代表整个主句的意思时)
② 介词+关系代词的结构中
•关系副词:
when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语
where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语
why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,只修饰reason。
如果用定语从句把两个句子合二为一:首先找出两个句子当中相同的部分,定语从句修饰的就是这一部分。要把其中一个句子变成定语从句,就要把这句中相同的那个部分用一个关系词来代替;代替时,先看被代替的部分是指人还是指物、再看它作什么句成分。指人并作主语的,就用who。或that;指人并作宾语的,就用whom或that;指人并作定语的,就用whose。指物并作主语的,就用which或that认指物并作宾语的,还是用which或that认是物并作定语的,就用whose或of which。这样找好并替换以后,再把这个关系代词放到要变成定语从句的那个句子的最前面(被代替的部分不能再保留,其它的词...
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从历年的考研英语真题中我们可以得知,考研英语长难句以各种形式遍布在英语试卷中。很显然,对于很多考生来说,考研英语长难句就像一只拦路虎,让考生望而却步。那么,怎样才能攻克考研英语长难句这只拦路虎呢?要想长难句不再难,方法之一就是在复习的时候,多多练习一些经典的考研英语长难句。俗话说:熟能生巧!一种句型,当你练习了几遍,考试时看到同样的句型,也就知道该如何作答了。为了帮助各位2016考研的同学攻克长难句,出国留学网小编给大家整理了一些经典的长难句训练题,并附有详细的解析,希望能帮助大家。
考研英语长难句训练题:
1. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in waysthat weaken the court's reputation for beingindependent and impartial.
2. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court's decisions will be accepted asimpartial judgements.
3. At the very least, the court should make itselfsubject to the code of conduct that applies to therest of the federal judiciary.
4. They gave justices permanent positions so theywould be free to upset those in power and have noneed to cultivate political support.
5. Constitutional law is political because it resultsfrom choices rooted in fundamental social conceptslike liberty and property.
6.When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it shapes is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily dismissed as unjust.
7. The justices must address doubts about thecourt's legitimacy by making themselvesaccountable to the code of conduct.
8. Laughter does produce short-term changes in the function of the heart snd its bloodvessels, boosting heart rate and oxygen consumption.
9. But because hard laughter is diffficult to...
2016考研英语知识点:非谓语动词作状语
下面出国留学网就带各位考生来学习一下非谓语动词作状语的情况以及对该状语在语言层面、逻辑层面进行解析。
在对非谓语动词作状语这类句子的理解中,包括逻辑层面和语义层面上,尤其是非谓语作状语时,考生一定要注意其充当原因或结果的可能性,因为这些在考研中经常会成为潜在的隐形考点,下面小编就通过几个例子带大家来分析一下。
【例1】Feeling threatened , companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels , trying to anticipate every possible accident。
【解析】
●语言层面
感觉到收到了威胁,公司通过书写冗长的警示标签作为回应,尝试着希望能够预测到没一起可能的事故。
●逻辑层面
原因:感觉受到了威胁
结果:写警告作为回应
表示因果的手段:非谓语动词作状语
【例2】
Fed up with increasing rates , customers , notably chemical , coal , and agribusiness companies , are complaining that these are evidence that the railroads are abusing their market power。(Economist July , 2010)
【解析】
●语言层面
客户们特别是化工、煤炭和农业公司,已经受够了价格的上涨,他们抱怨道:这些就是铁路部门正在滥用其市场权力的证据。
●逻辑层面
原因:受够了价格的上涨。
结果:他们开始抱怨。
表示因果的手段:非谓语动词作状语。
【例3】
Observers doubt that this aggressive target that some 40% of Prada’s revenues in America will come from the internet in 5 years is realistic , nothing that it currently sells only bags , wallets and other accessories online , not its main clothing and footwear collections。(Economist July , 2010)
●语言层面
五年内,普拉达在美国的收入有40%将来源于网络,观察者怀疑这一激进的目标是否能实现,因为他们注意到普拉达当下在网络上只卖箱包。钱夹和其他的一些饰品,而不是其主流的衣服和鞋款系列。
发出nothing 这一动作的主体为observes , 目的是为了使句子变得简洁。
●逻辑层面
...
08-01
2011年08月01日 03时24分,《英语学习:考研英语知识点答疑之考查重点[1]》由出国留学网liuxue86.com英语编辑整理.
考研英语考查重点无非几点:文章主旨和言外之意的把握,这种类型的题目,每篇文章都会出现;细节题,需要参照文章原文,消化理解每一个选项,这类题目是阅读理解的主体;词义的推测一般每年 1-2道题。
实例剖析
下面我们来分析一下 1994年硕士研究生英语入学试卷阅读理解部分第二篇文章及其试题的类型,以便更直观具体地了解文章的体裁和试题的命题方式:
One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit on stores,restaurants,and hotels,at home,across the country,and even abroad,and they make many banking services available as well,More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically,making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations,whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the“ cashless society” is not on the horizon-it s already here.
While computers offer these conveniences to consumers,they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records,including who sold what,when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relie...
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