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虚拟语气，从字面意思我们就能明白，表达的是在一些场合里，当说话者谈到自己的愿望时，主观想像某些事有可能发生时，或建议、要求某些事发生时，而面对却与实际情况相反的情况，就需要借助于虚拟语气来表达他的这些心态。
虚拟从句中最主要的一种就是非真实条件从句，它是用来描述说话人想象的、非真实的情景，这些情景通常是不可能发生的，与客观实际相反的，或发生可能性极小，只表示说是说话人的一种主观愿望、假想和建议等等。我们知道与现在事实相反，if从句的谓语形式用did or were, 主句的谓语形式为would(should, might, could)+do与过去事实相反，从句用had done or had been ,主句则为would(should, might, could)+have done/been与将来事实相反，从句用were to do/should do,主句则用would(should, might, could)+do。举例说来，碧昂丝有首最著名的歌曲《If I were a boy》就是采用的对现在事实的虚拟。
这三种最基本的虚拟语气，其if从句中谓语动词表示的动作与主句谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间是一致的，即同为现在、过去或将来。可是当二者动作发生的时间不一致时，主句和从句各自的谓语形式要根据它们动作发生的时间按照上述原则作适当调整。常见的混合时间是：从句表示过去，主句表示现在。比如说If I had not studied English, I would never be here to teach you grammar today. 但是这一类型在考验当中并不常见。
而较为常见的类型主要是倒装虚拟句，即省略if的倒装虚拟句，也就是说，当if条件句中有助动词should，had或者were时，则可以省去if，而将should，had或were置于句首。从最简单的Should I win the lottery, I would buy a car. = If I should win the lottery, I would buy a car.在1998年的中也出现过Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.在这个复合句中，had it not been…就存在省略if的情况，原型则为if it had not been, 主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反。
还有一种较为特殊的虚拟语气，叫做跳层虚拟句，这类型的句子在结构上分为两部分，一部分虚拟而另一部分陈述，且两者间有but, or, or else, otherwise相连。正是因为其兼具虚拟和不虚拟的角色且不断跳动变化，因此得名。He would put on weight, but he doesn’t eat much. In other words, “If he ate ...
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2017年高考英语语法：虚拟语气
一、 条件句中的虚拟语气
1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式
从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。
时间 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式
将来 动词过去式(be用were)
should + 动词原形
were to + 动词原形
would / should / might / could + 动词原形
现在 动词过去式(be 用 were) would / should / might / could + 动词原形
过去 had +动词过去分词 would / should / might / could have + 动词过去分词
2. 条件中的虚拟语气的举例
(1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：
If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。
If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。
(2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：
If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。
If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。
(3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：
If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。
If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。
3. 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题
(1) 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be时，可用was代替were。但在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were中，只能用were。如：
Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。
If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次机会。
(2) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。
①从句的动作与过去事实...
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2017考研英语语法：虚拟语气
定义
虚拟语气用来表示假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。虚拟语气表示说话者所说的话并非事实，或难以实现的，甚至表达相反的概念。另外表示主观愿望或表达某种强烈的感情时，也用虚拟语气。
种类
陈述语气
表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。
祈使语气
表示说话人对对方的请求、警告，建议或命令。
虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语从句的特殊形式表示出来的
用法
一、虚拟语气用在简单句中,表示祝愿,命令.
例：May you have a good time.祝愿你玩的痛快.
二、虚拟语气用在宾语从句中.动词 wish,suggest,order,insist,propose,等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气,宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望、要求.
例：He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿.
三、虚拟语气用在主语从句中.
在句型 "It is important (necessary,strange,natural) that ." 中,that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should + 动词原形.
Its important that we should take good care of the patient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人.
四、虚拟语气用在状语从句中.
虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的从句中.在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时,动词有三种时态形式,即现在、过去和将来.
(一)与现在事实相反的：If I (we,you,he,they)+ 动词过去式..if I (he,she) were...I (we) should + 动词原形.He (you,they) would + 动词原形.
(二)与过去事实相反的：If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 过去分词 I(we)should + have+ 过去分词.He (you,they) would + have + 过去分词.
注意!!!!
当虚拟条件从句与结果主语所表达的时间不一致时，被称为"混合条件句"，这种虚拟语气被称为"混合型虚拟语气"，动词的形式要根据它所表达的时间作相应调整。
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为"错综时间条件句"，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。
...
很多考生对于英语中的虚拟语气并不是很了解，虽然看似不难，但每次一碰到相关选项就各种犯错。今天，出国留学网小编就来为小伙伴们解读，以下是详细内容，和出国留学网小编一起来看一下吧，希望小伙伴们能对它有个明朗的理解!
虚拟语气用来表示假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。虚拟语气表示说话者所说的话并非事实，或难以实现的，甚至表达相反的概念。另外表示主观愿望或表达某种强烈的感情时，也用虚拟语气。
在虚拟语气中，除了记住一套与时态相对应的规范用法之外，以下几点也是不容忽视的：
l、名词性从句中要用过去时或should+动词原型构成虚拟语气。如：Itistimewewenthome.
2、wouldrather,hadrather后的从句动词用相当于陈述语气的过去时来表示现在或将来发生的动作。如：Iwouldratheryouwentwithher.我宁愿你跟她走。只有当wouldrather后面动作的主体与前面主语一致时才可以用不带to的动词不定式，如：I’drathertaketheimportantletterwithme.在这个句子中，rather后面的主语为I，和前面的主语一致，所以用的不是过去式，而是不带to的动词不定式。
3、在itisimportant/suggested/necessary/proposed等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气表示应该做什么事情，即用动词原形或should+动词原型，如：Itisimportantthatyou(should)behereontime.再如：
Itisoftheutmostimportancethatyou_______hereontime.
A.be B.shallbeC.aretobe D.mustbe
这个知识点是上文中的第三点，显然答案是A，其中的should被省略了。类似的可以引起主语从句为虚拟语气的形容词或过去分词还有appropriate,advisable,better,imperative,insistent,natural,preferable,strange,urgent,vital,desirable,demanded,recommended,required等。
4、词组butfor相当于wereitnotfor或haditnotbeenfor,表示一种含否定意义的条件，后面一般加名词或名词短语，如：Hemighthavebeenkilledbutforthearrivalofthepolice.要不是警察来了他本可能被杀死。
5、在某些表示祝愿的句子里需要用虚拟语气，如：Mayyoubehappyallyourlife!
希望以上所说能对你有所帮助!
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虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。
Were they here now, they could help us.
=If they were here now, they could help us.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him
=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
Should it rain, the crops would be saved.
=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.
注意：
在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was， 即在从句中be用were代替。
If I were you, I would go to look for him.
如果我是你，就会去找他。
If he were here, everything would be all right.
如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。
典型例题
_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I
答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.
...
虚拟语气
情况 从句
的动词 主句
的动词 例句
与现
在事
实相反 动词的过去式(be动词一律用were) would/could/should/might +动词原形 If I had time，I would attend your party.
如果我有时间，我就去参加你的宴会了。
If I saw him now，I would be very happy.
如果我现在见到他，我会很高兴的。
与过
去事
实相反 had+过去
分词 would/could/should/might+have+过去分词 You didn’t let me drive.If we had driven in turn，you wouldn’t have got so tired.
你当时不让我开车。如果我们轮流开，你就不会觉得那么累了。
与将来
事实
相反 动词的过去式;should+动词原形;were to+动词原形 would/could/might/should+动词原形 If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow，we would take photos.
如果明天下雪，我们就照相。
注意： (1)若条件句中有were，had，should，可把if 省略，而把were，had，should 放在主语前，形成倒装结构，这种结构主要用于书面语中。
Had you taken my advice，you wouldn’t have failed in the examination.如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格了。
(2)有时主句和虚拟条件从句的动作发生的时间不一致，此时，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式。
If you had worked hard，you would be very tired now.
如果你真的努力工作了，你现在就会感到很累的。(从句指过去，主句指现在)
(3)有时虚拟条件并不通过条件从句表达出来，而是通过词、短语或上下文暗示，此时句子的时态要依具体情况而定。
Without electricity(=If there were no electricity)，life would be quite different today.
如果没有电，今天的生活就会完全不同。
But for your help，it would have caused a serious loss.
要不是你的帮助，那将会导致巨大的损失。
I was busy that day.Otherwise I would have gone there with them.(If I hadn’t been busy that day，I would have gone there with them.)我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起...
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摘要：1. Mr Li required the computer equipment referred ________ used in every classroom. A. should be B. have to be C. to be D. to being 2. Yang Liwei has won great honour for our country. Who is Yan
初中英语期中考试专题为您提供初中英语期中考试题及期中英语考试总结，包括初三英语期……[详细]
1. Mr Li required the computer equipment referred ________ used in every classroom.
A. should be B. have to be
C. to be D. to being
2. —Yang Liwei has won great honour for our country.
—Who is Yang Liwei?
—What a question! It is surprising ________ the first spaceman in China.
A. you didn’t know our national hero B. to you not to know him
C. you should know nothing about D. you knew nothing about him
3. —What courses are you going to do next term?
—I don’t know. But it’s about time ________ on something.
A. I’d decide B. I decided
C. I decide D. I’m deciding
4. One of the requirements for the fire is that the material ________ to its burning temperature.
A. is heated B. will be heated
C. would be heater D. be heated
5. Robert wishes that he ________ business instead of hi...
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EXERCISE （虚拟语气综合练习）
1. If he ______ finished his dinner a little sooner, he wouldn’t have missed the 8:30 train.
a. would have b. was c. had d. had been
2. Helen couldn’t go to France after all. That’s too had.
I’m sure she would have enjoyed it if ______.
a. she’s gone b. she’ll go c. she’d gone d. she’d go
3. Ring me up tomorrow so that I _____ remember to come to the meeting.
a. must b. would c. may d. were to
4. Whether the information ______ true or not, we must be vigilant.
a. be b. are c. were d. is
5. It is impossible to imagine how man ______ without the sun’s energy.
a. could live b. lives c. had lived d. is living
6. Were it not for the friction exerted between the tires and the road, the vehicle ______ started.
a. can not even be b. could not even be c. should even be d. be not even
7. What would happen, if you ______ the rules of the road?
a. not observed b. do not observe c did not observe d. observe not
8. The manager of the hotel requests that all the guests ______ after the mid-night.
a. don’t make loud noise b. couldn’t make any noise
c. not to make low noise d. shouldn’t make loud noise
9. Even if I had known her address, I _______ time to write to her.
a. can not have had b. might not have had c. will not have had d. must ...
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II. 虚拟语气用在 wish 后的宾语从句中
虚拟语气用在wish后的宾语从句中，（常常省去连词that），表示不可能实现的愿望。
1． 表示与现在事实相反的愿望
构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + 动词过去式 （be 一律用were）
例如：
I wish I knew everything in the world.
I wish that the experiment were a success.
We wish we had wings. 我们希望有翅膀。
Example:
I wish it ______ not so cold outside.
A. shall be B. be C. were D. is
I wish I ______ you better.
A. know B. knew C. will know D. have known
2． 表示与过去事实相反的愿望
构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/could + have + 过去分词或had + 过去分词
例如：
I wish that you had called yesterday.
I wish that I could have gone with you last night.
I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I had been there.
Example:
I wish you ______ such a great deal of fuss.
A. were not caused B. had not caused
C. have not caused D. are not caused
I wish that you ______ such a bad headache because I’m sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.
A. hadn’t had B. hadn’t C. didn’t have D. hadn’t have
3． 表示将来不大可能实现的愿望
构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/should/could/might + 原形动词
例如：
I wish that he could try again.
I wish that someday I should live on the moon.
We wish that they would come soon.
Example:
I wish that we ______ with my broth...
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IV. 虚拟语气用在其它状语从句中
1． 虚拟语气用在由as if, as though 引导的方式或让步状语从句中，一般情况下，如果主谓语动词为现在时，从句谓语多用过去时；如果主句谓语为过去时，从句谓语多用过去完成时。
虚拟语气用在 even if, even though, whatever引导的状语从句中，从句谓语可参照由if引导的虚拟条件从句的谓语，一般用过去时或过去完成时。例如：
This old machine runs as if it were a new one.
The old worker works as though he were a young man.
Even though she had been here very soon, she would not catch the train.
Example:
He has just arrived, but he talks as if he ______ all about that.
a. know b. knows c. known d. knew
I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _____ everything.
a. knew b. knows c. has known d. had known
______ I used a lot of examples I still could not get my idea across.
a. Since b. But that c. Now that d. Even though
2. 虚拟语气用在so that, lest （唯恐）, in case （万一）, unless, in order that（为了，以便）, that（为了，以至于）, for fear that （生怕，以免）, on condition that （如果）等引导的目的，条件状语从句中，从句谓语 may 或 might+原形动词，也有用 should, can, could+原形动词构成的。例如：
The teacher explained the law once more in order that we might understand it better.
Some people eat so that they may live. Others seem to live in order that they may eat.
一些人吃是为了生存，而另一些人似乎是活着就是为了吃。
I left him a note with my address on for fear that he should not know where to see me.
The heroes gave their lives that we might live a happy life.
为了我们过...
英语语法虚拟语气推荐访问
