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如何提高雅思阅读成绩是很多同学心中的疑问?其实对于雅思阅读来说,语法也是重中之重。那么今天就和出国留学网的小编一起来了解一下雅思阅读定语从句分析。
雅思阅读语法基础之非限定性定语从句
在非限定性定语从句中,中心词本身意义是明确的,修饰中心词的定语从句起补充说明的作用。所以在翻译时,将非限定性定语从句与之前的主句译为并列结构即可,即先翻译主句,再翻译非限定性定语从句。
例:This all amounts to heightened activity and noise levels, which have the potential to be particularly serious for children experiencing auditory function deficit. (J9T2P1P2)
讲解:
由于have是复数形式,所以which指代前文的heightened activity and noise levels。
可译为:这一切增加了活动量与噪音级别,这对患有听觉功能障碍的孩子有潜在的严重影响。
但是‘这’在中文中指代抽象,所以虽然句子成分分析准确,但是仍然不能理解句子和含义。修改如下:
这一切增加了活动量与噪音级别,增加了的活动量和噪音量对患有听觉功能障碍的孩子有潜在的严重影响。
雅思阅读语法基础之较短的限定性定语从句
在多数限定性定语从句中,中心词本身的意义不够明确的,需要定语从句修饰后才能确定准确含义。因此在翻译一般的限定性定语从句时,将定语从句像一般的定语一样翻译到中心词之前就可以了。注意,适用于这种翻译方法的定语从句长度一般较短。
例:In addition to the reptiles, birds, mammals and insects which we see all around us, other groups that have succeeded out of water include scorpions, snails, crustaceans such as woodlice and land crabs, millipedes and centipedes, spiders and various worms. (J9T1P3P1)
可译为:除了在我们身边看到的爬行类、鸟类、哺乳类和昆虫外,其他成功从海水中出来的种群还有蝎子,蜗牛,甲壳纲动物(木虱、陆生螃蟹、千足虫和蜈蚣)、蜘蛛和各种蠕虫。
雅思阅读语法基础之较长的限定性定语从句
那么对于不包括在上述范围内的较长的限定性定语从句,我们在翻译和理解的时候,可以像翻译非限定性定语从句那样,将其后置;如果像较短的限定性定语从句那样置于中心词之前翻译,可能会因为修饰成分过长打断翻译思路,影响对句子的整体理解。
例:Quite apart from the impracticality of sending a reply over such large distances at short notice, it raises a host of ethical questions that wo...
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1. Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries; the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound-interest law, which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing.
要点:从内容上分析,which修饰 “the growth of knowledge”
图书馆的出现使教育的发展成为可能,而教育的发展又反过来使图书馆不断扩大充实。知识的增长遵循了一种复利法则。由于印刷术的发明,这一知识增长过程得以大大加速。
2. If they can each be trusted to take such responsibilities, and to exercise such initiative as falls within their sphere, then administrative overhead will be low.
如果他们每个人都能予以信任承担这样的职责,并在他们所管辖的范围内发挥主动性,那么管理费用就会降低。
3. There are probably no question we can think up that can’t be answered, sooner or later, including even that matter of consciousness.
迟早可能不存在我们想得出但解答不了的问题,甚至包括我们意识的问题。
4. The curtain was rung down in that phase of history, at least, by the sudden invention of the hydrogen bomb, of the ballistic missile and of rockets that can be aimed to hit the moon.
至少由于氢弹、弹道导弹和登月火箭出人意料地发明,那个历史时期宣告结束了。
5. Studies of the Weddell seal in the laboratory have described the physiological mechanisms that allow the seals to cope with the extreme oxygen deprivation that occurs during its longest dives, which can extend 500 meters below the ocean’s surface and last for over 70 minutes. (三个定语从句)
关于威德尔海豹特殊的生理机制,在实验室里对其进行的研究已作过详细的描述。该生理机制使海豹可以适应长时间潜水时出现的极度缺氧。海豹长时间潜水时最深可达水面以下500米,时...
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