2021考研英语：新题型练习题解析(4)

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　　2021考研英语：新题型练习题解析(4)

　　Part B

　　Directions：

　　The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45， you are required to reorganize these paragraphs int0 a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them int0 the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

　　Long before Man lived on the Earth, there were fishes, reptiles,birds, insects, and some mammals. Although some oftheseanimals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct, that is,they have no descendants alive now. 41. Very occasionally the rocks showimpression of skin, so that, apart from color, we can build up a reasonablyaccurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago. The kind of rockin which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the originalland, often of the plants that grew on it, and even of its climate.

　　42. . Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocksformed by water action, and most of these are of animals that lived in or nearwater. Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals, birds, andinsects, of which we know nothing.

　　43. . There were also crab-like creatures, whose bodies were coveredwith a horny substance. The body segments each had two pairs of legs, one pairfor walking on the sandy bottom, the other for swimming. The head was a kind ofshield with a pair of compound eyes, often with thousands of lenses. They wereusually an inch or two long but some were 2 feet.

　　44. . Of these, the ammonites are very interesting and important.They have a shell composed of many chambers, each representing a temporary homeof the animal. As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed offthe previous one. Thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the DorsetCoast.

　　45. .About 75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over andmost of the groups died out. The mammals quickly developed, and we can tracethe evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse. Many ofthe later mammals, though now extinct, were known to primitive man and werefeatured by him in cave paintings and on bone carvings.

　　[A] The shell gush have a long history in the rock and many differentkinds are known.

　　[B] Nevertheless, we know a great deal about many of them because theirbones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils. From them we cantell their size and shape, how they walked, the kind of food they ate.

　　[C] The first animals with true backbones were the fishes, first knownin the rocks of 375 million years ago. About 300 million years ago theamphibians, the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared. Theywere giant, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy poolsin which our coal seam, or layer, or formed. The amphibians gave rise to thereptiles and for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms oflife on land, in the sea, and in the air.

　　[D] The best index fossils tend to be marine creatures. These animalsevolved rapidly and spread over large areas of the world.

　　[E] The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all verysimple kinds and lived in the sea. Later forms are more complex, and amongthese are the sea?lilies, relations of the star?fishes, which had long armsand were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed, or to rocks.

　　[F] When an animal dies the body, its bones, or shell, may often becarried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud.If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered withmud. More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell becomeembedded and preserved.

　　[G] Many factors can influence how fossils are preserved in rocks.Remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals, dissolved by an acidicsolution to leave only their impression, or simply reduced to a more stableform.

　　41.【解析】选[B]。本题主要经过句组关系的理解来解答。跳过空格阅读第一段可以看出，本段主要讲述了史前动物的存在(第一句)、部分种类的灭绝(空格前第二句，句中they have no descendants alive now是对extinct一词的解释)以及从化石(rocksas fossils)中我们所能发现的数百万年前就死掉了的动物的精确印记(空格后第一句)和当时的地貌及气候特征(空格后第二句)。由此，我们就看到了空格前后两个句组所叙述内容之间的矛盾和内容上的不足：1)既然已经"灭绝"，怎么还能了解有关的这一切呢?说明空格前的句子与其空格所在的句子之间具有转折关系。2)空格后第一句中the rocks指的又是什么石头呢?需要在前有所提及，即正确选项中应包含有rock这个词。能够同时满足这两个条件的只有选项[B]。[A]、[E]、[G]中也提到了rock，但在句际关系上与前后句组不相吻合，故不正确。所以正确答案只能是[B]。

　　42.【解析】选[F]。文章第一段说明了化石是我们研究史前动物的主要依据，而本段则主要说明了这些化石的形成。空格后"几乎我们所知的所有化石都是在由于水作用而形成的岩石中保存下来的 (Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocksformed by water action) "一句是一个结论性表述，之前应有"水作用形成的岩石(rocks formed by water action)"这一过程的细节描述。[F]的内容正好说明死去动物的尸体是如何被水和泥沙保存下来的，与此恰相吻合，所以选[F]。此题极易错选[G]，因为[G]一开始就有how fossils are preserved，后面又出现了impression一词，在用词上出现明显的复现现象。但是[G]后面讲的是动物遗体上的有机组织"organism"可能转化成的几种形式，这与下文的内容不相吻合，故不选[G]。

　　43.【解析】选[E]。本题选择的线索有两条：1)空格后有"There were also crab?like creatures……"，说明空白处应有关于另一类动物的内容2) 从本段开始，文章转向讨论由低级向高级进化中的动物。[E]开始的部分是"The earliest animals whose remains have been found……"，符合文章写作的顺序。[B]与上文相符，但与下文不符，且与全文结构不相吻合。

　　44.【解析】选[A]。从上一段和本段的 "段际关系"来看，两段属于顺接关系，即两段在相继描述两种不同层级、不同种类的史前动物。从段落结构上来看，两段的开头句都是其主题句，下文接着展开进行细节描述。特别是本段空格后的Of these, ……，标志着空格后一句是空格所在句的拓展句。既然下文一开始就有Of these, ……，空白部分就应该有"some，several，many"或类似的词再者，此段中关于the ammonites(总类中的一种，考生不知道其确切含义)的描述，主要阐述了其shell的构造，由此说明shell是其主要特征，故在 "总类"的描述(即空缺句)中应该含有shell一词，这就不难判断答案只能是[A]了。

　　45.【解析】选[C]。此空独立成段，所以只能从段际关系来分析。因为前两段描述了史前动物由低级向高级的进化过程，而此段后就是结尾段，因此此段然要起"承上启下"的作用。所谓 "承上"，是指要对上文进行一定的概括、总结所谓 "启下"则是要引出下文。下文中的"reptile"在本题空白处前面的文章中从没有提到，在下文中又没有作为新信息，因而作为正确答案的选项中一定有这个词。[C]从375 million years ago的化石的发现到300 million years ago的化石的发现，以及此后nearly 150 million years内the reptiles的存在，不但对史前动物的进化过程做了很好的概括，而且为下文the Age of Reptile的出现打下了伏笔，是一个很好的"承上启下"的过渡段，所以正确答案只能是[C]。

　　2021考研英语：攻克翻译题型的两步法

　　一、每天仍需保证要进行翻译练习

　　虽然不一定需要每天翻译一年的，但是至少要保证一直持续练习的状态。还没有分析完的同学，可以继续分析。如果已经复习过一遍，可以回看复习之前总结过的句子，从字词句各方面多方面清查遗漏忘却的知识点，定会发现还有内容是自己没有掌握的。现在就翻译的步骤来总结如何翻译收获最大。

　　很多同学在做翻译的时候，基本是在"看"翻译，看到一句话，在头脑中思考一遍，想出大概的翻译内容，然后就直接对照答案了，殊不知这种方式是很难进步的，翻译是一定要落实到笔头的，只有写出来才能发现自己的问题出在哪里。而且只"看"翻译会给学生造成虚假的印象，认为自己差不多都能翻译出来，但实际上如果落实到笔头就会发现很多语句并不通顺，所以建议考生，如果想在翻译上有进步，一定要踏踏实实的写下来，不要怕费时间。

　　二、建议实行四部翻译法，帮祝你快速提高翻译

　　第一步，在不借助任何词典的情况下根据自己的理解翻译一遍第二步，对自己的第一遍译文进行修改，从词语搭配到句子通顺、逻辑方面都要进行修改。第三步，查出生词，并且再根据自己对翻译新的理解写出一遍翻译并进行润色。最后一步，对照答案，找出自己的译文与标准答案的区别，并写出为何译文要这样翻译，这样翻译有什么优点，而自己的译文差在哪里，以后要如何注意。只有过一步步的不断修改，才能在这个渐进的过程中得到进步。真正认认真真弄懂一道题，比模模糊糊做完10道题收获更大。