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2021考研英语：英语阅读之专项练习(3)
There is a new type of small advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns.It is sometimes placed among“situations vacant”，although it does not offer anyone a job，and sometimes it appears among“situation wanted”，although it is not placed by someone looking for a job either.What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.
“Contact us before writing your application” or “Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history”is how it is usually expressed.The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is，of course，a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment.It is also an indication of the growing importance of the curriculum vitae (or job history)，with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own right.
There was a time when job seekers simply wrote letters of application.“Just put down your name，address，age and whether you have passed any exams” was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for their first jobs when I left school.The letter was really just for openers，it was explained，everything else could and should be saved for the interview.And in those days of full employment the technique worked.The letter proved that you could write and were available for work.Your eager face and intelligent replies did the rest.
Later，as you moved up the ladder，something slightly more sophisticated was called for.The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest.It might be the aggressive approach.“Your search is over.I am the person you are looking for”was a widely used trick that occasionally succeeded.Or it might be some special feature specially designed for the job in view.
There is no doubt，however，that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.
1.The new type of advertisement which is appearing in newspaper columns____.
[A] informs job hunters of the opportunities available
[B] promises useful advice to those looking for employment
[C] divides available jobs into various types
[D] informs employers of people available for work
2.Nowadays a demand for this specialised type of service has been created because____.
[A] there is a lack of jobs available for university graduates
[B] there are so many top-level jobs available
[C] great importance is attached to written application
[D] jobs are becoming so varied that one needs advice to choose the right one
3.In the past it was expected that first-job hunters would____.
[A] write an initial letter giving their life history
[B] pass some exams before applying for a job
[C] have no qualifications other than being able to read and write
[D] keep any detailed information until they obtained an interview
4.The job history has become such an important document because____.
[A] there has been an increase in the number of jobs advertised
[B] there has been an increase in the number of applicants with degrees
[C] jobs are becoming much more complicated nowadays
[D] other supporting experiences for jobs are no longer required
5.What does the author think of the new advertisement?
[A] Necessary. [B] Fashionable.
[C] Superficial. [D] Aggressive.
一、参考答案
1.[B] 文中所提到的新型广告不是招聘广告(it does not offer anyone a job)，也不是求职广告(it is not placed by someone looking for a job either)。它旨在帮助申请工作的人写好履历(curriculum vitae)，为获得工作做好充分准备。参阅第一段和第二段第二句。 .
2.[C] 第二段第二、三句谈到了新型广告兴起的两个原因：1)它反映了目前的高失业率状况;2)它表明写好履历越来越重要。第三段第三、四句又指出，过去，申请信只不过是个开端，重要的是面试。在充分就业的那些日子，这种技巧是奏效的，这封信证明你有写作能力，且你已经为接受这份工作做好了准备，而你渴望的表情和机智的应答为你做了其余的事。
3.[D] 参阅第2题题解，另请参阅第三段。
4.[B] 文章最后一段指出，目前，工作申请者大都是受过各种各样的大学教育的人，显然，这解释了为什么写好履历尤其重要。由于多数人都受过大学教育，大家旗鼓相当，这时，写好履历，突出自己的独特之处，以达到鹤立鸡群之效果尤其重要。
5.[A] 参阅其他题题解。重点参阅文章最后一段。
2021考研英语：英语阅读之专项练习(2)
The purpose of an interview is to find out if your goals and the goals of an organization are compatible.Other goals of the interview are：to answer questions successfully，obtain any additional information needed to make a decision，accent your special strengths，establish a positive relationship，show confidence，and to sell yourself.Based on these goals，place yourself in the role of the interviewer and develop anticipated questions and answers to three categories：company data，personal data，and specific job data.You also develop questions which you will ask to determine how well your career goals match the needs of the organization.These questions include both those you would ask before a job offer and those you would ask after a job offer.
Prior to the interview，acquaint yourself with the laws pertaining to job discrimination.This knowledge will enhance your chances of being considered on an equal standing with other applicants.
To develop confidence，adequately prepare for the interview.Focus on how you can best serve the organization to which you are applying.Then rehearse until the rough edges are smoothed and you sound convincing to those with whom you have practiced.
Since the interview will center on you，proper self-management process is divided into four stages：the before stage，the greeting stage，the consultation stage，and the departure stage.The before stage includes writing a confirmation letter，concentrating on appearance and nonverbal communication，developing your portfolio，anticipating questions with positive responses，and arriving early.The greeting stage includes greeting everyone courteously，using waiting-room smarts，using your time wisely，and applying proper protocol when meeting the interviewer.The consultation stage includes responsiveness and enthusiasm，knowing when to interject key points，showing sincerity，highlighting your strengths，and listening intently.The departure stage includes leaving on a positive note，expressing appreciation，expressing interest，leaving promptly，and making notes immediately after departure.
To save time and money and offer convenience to prospective employees and employers，video taping and satellite videophones may become a common method of interviewing.Being at ease in front of a camera would be important for these types of interviews.
Following the interview，write thank-you letters to each person who interviewed you and to those who helped you get the interview.When invited for a second interview，go prepared by using your notes and feedback from the interview to zero in on what the company wants.If the company doesn‘t respond in two weeks，call back or write a follow-up letter.You may get turned down.If so，try to find out why as a means of self-improvement.
Following a job offer，take a few days to consider all elements and then call or write a letter either accepting or declining the offer-—whichever is appropriate.If you accept and you are presently employed，write an effective letter of resignation，departing on a positive note.
1.The word“compatible”in the first sentence probably means____.
[A] in agreement [B] in conflict
[C] complementary [D] practicable
2.The writer advises you to familiarize yourself with the laws concerning job discrimination so that ____.
[A] you can show your prospective employer you have a wide range of knowledge
[B] you stand on equal chance of being hired with other applicants to the job
[C] you will refuse to give answers to any questions against the current laws
[D] you know how to behave within the limit of laws at the interview
3.At which stage should you emphasize your qualifications for the job?
[A] The before stage.
[B] The greeting stage.
[C] The consultation stage.
[D] The departure stage.
4.If you are given a second interview，it is most important for you to____.
[A] write a thank-you letter to each person who interviewed you last time
[B] find out exactly what the company wants of you
[C] learn from the last interview and improve yourself
[D] consider all the elements that are important for the job
5.The passage is mainly concerned with____.
[A] how to manage an interview
[B] how to apply for a job vacancy
[C] how an applicant should behave during an interview
[D] how to make your private goal compatible with those of an organization
一、参考答案
1.[A]
该词意为：相容的，相一致的。
2.[B] 意为：你与其他申请者具有同等被雇佣的机会。
参阅第二段。
3.[C]
根据第四段第四句，商洽阶段包括反应能力、热情，知道什么时候陈述关键信息，要表现得诚恳，强调自己的优点，注意倾听。
4.[B]
根据第六段，如果获得第二次面试的机会，你应该利用第一次面试时的笔记和反馈信息，集中找出公司需要什么(即：需要什么样的人)。
5.[A] 意为：如何安排好一次面试。
文章的前三段提到了如何准备面试，第四、五段提到了面试期间应该如何做，最后几段提到了面试后 (以及被录用后)应该怎么办。全文主要是对参加面试的人提出建议。
2021考研英语:阅读态度题的方法讲解
一、题型判断
通过对考研英语阅读文章题干的观察分类态度题题干特点如下，当题干中出现attitude，the author…，the writer…，in the author’s opinion，feel about，即可判断该题干为态度题，见历年真题题干如下：
1.In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is ________.(2006 Text 1)
2.From the text we can conclude that the author ________.(2006 Text 2)
3.What is the author’s attitude towards IQ test(2007 text 2)
二、方法
a.作者态度：方法类似主旨题：串线法
文章态度：作者对文章主旨的看法
2001 Text 4 66.
2002 Text 3 55.
2006 Text 1 25.
2006 Text 2 30.
2007 Text 2 30.
*以2007 Text 2 30题为例进行分析*：
What is the author’s attitude towards IQ test(2007 text 2)
(文章中以莎凡的例子引出文章论述要点，即智力测验不能够说明人的智力高低——二段1句，在起承转合的合的最后一段，作者指出了智力测验的弊端，不能评估创造力和实践能力，压力下不能评估领导能力，通过串线法把握文章脉络，可见作者是持怀疑态度的。)
[A] Supportive. 反向干扰
[B] Skeptical.
[C] Impartial. 作者侧重讨论不足之处，不是中立的态度，中立态度一般放在文中既讨论有利之处又讨论弊端的文章中
[D] Biased. 文中质疑智力测验有理有据，所以并不能够说是偏见。
细节态度：作者对文中人物看法
*以2003 Text 4 58题为例进行分析*：
The author’s attitude toward Richard Lamm’s remark is one of____.
A. strong disapproval B.reserved consent C. slight contempt D.enthusiastic support
此题主要通过关键词定位法和自然段界定法定位，并找到能够体现作者态度的褒贬词确定正确答案
b.文中人物态度：方法类似细节题：细节态度题主要通过关键词定位法和自然段界定法定位，并找到能够体现作者态度的褒贬词确定正确答案
2003 Text 3 52.
2004 Text 3 52.
*以2004 Text 3 52题为例进行分析*
How do the public feel about the current economic situation(2004 Text 3 52.)
根据题干中the public回到原文相应位置定位。
三、选项特征
a.正确选项通常为表示“向上”，“向下”，或者是表示“客观的”，“不偏不倚的”的意思的词语。以2001text4为例，66.Toward the new business wave，the writer’s attitude can be said to be______. A. Optimistic B. Objective C. Pessimistic D. Biased
b.错误选项特征：当选项中出现detached，supportive of both sides，biased，indifferent，puzzled，subjective等词时，一般为错误选项，以2001text4为例，66.Toward the new business wave，the writer’s attitude can be said to be______. A. Optimistic B. Objective C. Pessimistic D. Biased 可直接排除D选项
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